The United Nations Security Council and War:The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 by Adam Roberts, Vaughan Lowe, Jennifer Welsh, Dominik Zaum
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83, 84
great powers, SC and 145–8
humanitarian intervention, use of force for 556–7
increase in, post-Cold War 355
international courts reviewing decisions 38
judicial review 38, 41
lowest common denominator 51, 200–1
NATO, regional arrangements for use of force and 244–6
participation 39, 138, 144, 146, 246, 578
reform, proposals for SC 32–4, 84–5, 119
standing forces 127
territorial administration 565–6
transparency 32, 52, 83, 85, 138–9, 441, 557
voting 4–5, 19, 63, 135–6, 139, 454, 550
UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 90
United States, effect of relationship with 51
use of force, legitimacy of 26–31
decolonization
East Timor 348–50
France 505
GA resolutions 354, 508, 627
internal armed conflicts 49
mercenaries 632
peacekeeping operations 184
SC, strength of record of 54
state sovereignty 17
Suez crisis 297
terrorism 49
UN Charter 12, 88
Uniting for Peace Resolution 156, 162, 165, 167
use of force in UN Charter, limitations on 88
Dejean, Maurice 73
Delhi Agreement (1952) 343–4
Delors, Jacques 412
Delvoie, M 333
democracy and democratization
see also
self-determination
democratic deficit at international level 28–9, 259
East Timor 366, 367, 593
Haiti 590
increase in 45, 249
Iraq 600
Kosovo 591–2
promotion of democratization 54, 189, 244, 567, 576–7, 583, 586, 588, 593, 600, 606–7
Taiwan 498, 499
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
see
Congo
Denard, Bob 629, 631
Denmark 80
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 120, 250, 260
developing countries
see also
particular countries (eg Liberia)
great powers, SC and 149–50
peacekeeping operations 260
reform of SC 32
self-defence 94
Uniting for Peace Resolution 156
Development Fund for Iraq 600
diamond trade 215, 479, 480–1, 490
Diarra, Seydou 480, 483, 484
Dinka, Berhanu 476
diplomacy
Arab-Israeli wars 302, 306, 309, 312
great powers 504–5
humanitarian intervention, use of force in 556–8
shuttle diplomacy 302, 306, 309, 312
threats to international peace and security 7
United States 504–5
disarmament
see also
arms control
Côte d’Ivoire 483–4
conferences and treaties 18
International Atomic Energy Agency 18
Iraq 208–9, 394–6, 403–4
League of Nations, comparison with 5, 11–12
management outside UN framework 18
missions 23
monitoring 23
Sierra Leone 479–80
Soviet Union 18–19
treaties and conventions 18–19
UN Charter 5, 12
United States 18–19
discrimination
Côte d’Ivoire 470, 482, 483–4
Zionism is Racism – GA Res. 3379 (1975) 162, 315–16
Dixon, Owen 334
Dixon, Pierson 288–95
Djué, Eugene 485
Dominican Republic 505
Dostum, Rashid 464–5
Downes-Thomas, Felix 488
dues, withholding of 40–2
Dulles, John Foster 68–9, 104, 271, 284, 285, 287, 291–4, 296, 304
Dumas, Roland 388
Dumbarton Oaks negotiations (1944) 61, 63, 64, 66–71, 76–80 135
see also
Creation of SC
East Africa, attacks on embassies in 218–19, 457, 461, 463, 611
East Pakistan, conflict in (1971) 325, 326, 338–41, 343, 505
East Timor 281, 346–67, 554
see also
Indonesia; UNAMET; UNMISET; UNOTIL; UNTAET
Asian financial crisis 356
autonomous status or independence, choice between 356–61, 551–2
ballot 256, 359–61, 364, 551–2
Black September 363
Brahimi Report (Report of the Panel on Peace Operations) 361
China 351
Cold War 347, 352, 355
consent 551, 552, 561
Constitutional Law 7/75 347
Core Group on East Timor 357–8, 365
de facto occupation 593–4
decolonization 348–50
Detainee Management Unit 594
economic weakness of Indonesia 357
elections 366
Fretilin 347, 353, 356, 366
GA 348, 354–5
GA Res. 37/30 (1982) 354–5
Geneva Conventions (1949) 594
humanitarian assistance 550–3, 554, 555, 593
independence 346–7, 354, 367–8, 551–2, 593–4
InterFET (International Force East Timor) 347, 350, 359, 363–6, 553, 593–4
internal war (1975) 347
international criminal tribunal, rejection of 365
invasion by Indonesia 347, 349–51
Kosovo 552–3
multinational force, consent to 552
mutiny by Timorese army
great powers, SC and 145–8
humanitarian intervention, use of force for 556–7
increase in, post-Cold War 355
international courts reviewing decisions 38
judicial review 38, 41
lowest common denominator 51, 200–1
NATO, regional arrangements for use of force and 244–6
participation 39, 138, 144, 146, 246, 578
reform, proposals for SC 32–4, 84–5, 119
standing forces 127
territorial administration 565–6
transparency 32, 52, 83, 85, 138–9, 441, 557
voting 4–5, 19, 63, 135–6, 139, 454, 550
UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 90
United States, effect of relationship with 51
use of force, legitimacy of 26–31
decolonization
East Timor 348–50
France 505
GA resolutions 354, 508, 627
internal armed conflicts 49
mercenaries 632
peacekeeping operations 184
SC, strength of record of 54
state sovereignty 17
Suez crisis 297
terrorism 49
UN Charter 12, 88
Uniting for Peace Resolution 156, 162, 165, 167
use of force in UN Charter, limitations on 88
Dejean, Maurice 73
Delhi Agreement (1952) 343–4
Delors, Jacques 412
Delvoie, M 333
democracy and democratization
see also
self-determination
democratic deficit at international level 28–9, 259
East Timor 366, 367, 593
Haiti 590
increase in 45, 249
Iraq 600
Kosovo 591–2
promotion of democratization 54, 189, 244, 567, 576–7, 583, 586, 588, 593, 600, 606–7
Taiwan 498, 499
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
see
Congo
Denard, Bob 629, 631
Denmark 80
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 120, 250, 260
developing countries
see also
particular countries (eg Liberia)
great powers, SC and 149–50
peacekeeping operations 260
reform of SC 32
self-defence 94
Uniting for Peace Resolution 156
Development Fund for Iraq 600
diamond trade 215, 479, 480–1, 490
Diarra, Seydou 480, 483, 484
Dinka, Berhanu 476
diplomacy
Arab-Israeli wars 302, 306, 309, 312
great powers 504–5
humanitarian intervention, use of force in 556–8
shuttle diplomacy 302, 306, 309, 312
threats to international peace and security 7
United States 504–5
disarmament
see also
arms control
Côte d’Ivoire 483–4
conferences and treaties 18
International Atomic Energy Agency 18
Iraq 208–9, 394–6, 403–4
League of Nations, comparison with 5, 11–12
management outside UN framework 18
missions 23
monitoring 23
Sierra Leone 479–80
Soviet Union 18–19
treaties and conventions 18–19
UN Charter 5, 12
United States 18–19
discrimination
Côte d’Ivoire 470, 482, 483–4
Zionism is Racism – GA Res. 3379 (1975) 162, 315–16
Dixon, Owen 334
Dixon, Pierson 288–95
Djué, Eugene 485
Dominican Republic 505
Dostum, Rashid 464–5
Downes-Thomas, Felix 488
dues, withholding of 40–2
Dulles, John Foster 68–9, 104, 271, 284, 285, 287, 291–4, 296, 304
Dumas, Roland 388
Dumbarton Oaks negotiations (1944) 61, 63, 64, 66–71, 76–80 135
see also
Creation of SC
East Africa, attacks on embassies in 218–19, 457, 461, 463, 611
East Pakistan, conflict in (1971) 325, 326, 338–41, 343, 505
East Timor 281, 346–67, 554
see also
Indonesia; UNAMET; UNMISET; UNOTIL; UNTAET
Asian financial crisis 356
autonomous status or independence, choice between 356–61, 551–2
ballot 256, 359–61, 364, 551–2
Black September 363
Brahimi Report (Report of the Panel on Peace Operations) 361
China 351
Cold War 347, 352, 355
consent 551, 552, 561
Constitutional Law 7/75 347
Core Group on East Timor 357–8, 365
de facto occupation 593–4
decolonization 348–50
Detainee Management Unit 594
economic weakness of Indonesia 357
elections 366
Fretilin 347, 353, 356, 366
GA 348, 354–5
GA Res. 37/30 (1982) 354–5
Geneva Conventions (1949) 594
humanitarian assistance 550–3, 554, 555, 593
independence 346–7, 354, 367–8, 551–2, 593–4
InterFET (International Force East Timor) 347, 350, 359, 363–6, 553, 593–4
internal war (1975) 347
international criminal tribunal, rejection of 365
invasion by Indonesia 347, 349–51
Kosovo 552–3
multinational force, consent to 552
mutiny by Timorese army
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