conduct something like a social survey of the dead: to look for patterns or tendencies. Hence the need to ask precise questions, as follows:
1 Regionof birth: nine possible answers (Lombardy; Veneto; Tuscany; States of the Church; south Italy; Liguria; Piedmont; outside Italy; not known).
2 Size of birthplace: four possible answers (large; medium; small; not known).
3 Father’s occupation: nine possible answers (cleric; noble; humanist; professional or merchant; artist; artisan or shop-keeper connected with the arts; artisan or shop-keeper unconnected with the arts; peasant; not known).
4 Training: six possible answers (University of Padua; other universities; other humanist education; apprenticeship; musical education; not known).
5 Main discipline practised: seven possible answers (painting; sculpture; architecture; literature; humanism; science; music).
6 Specialization: three possible answers (one discipline; two disciplines; three or more).
7 Relatives practising these disciplines: five possible answers (no known relatives; one; two; three; four or more).
8 Geographical mobility: five possible answers (extremely sedentary; fairly sedentary; fairly mobile; extremely mobile; not known).
9 Patronage: two possible answers (Medici patronage; other).
10 Period of birth: ten possible answers (dividing the years 1340–1519 into nine periods of twenty years each, and adding a ‘not known’).
R EFERENCES AND B IBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography contains all works to which reference is made in the notes, together with a few other studies of relevance to the field. JWCI = Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute .
Ackerman, J. S., ‘Architectural practice in the Italian Renaissance’, Journal of the Society for Architectural History 13 (1954), pp. 3–10.
— The Architecture of Michelangelo. 2nd edn, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
—‘ Ars sine scientia nihil est ’, Art Bulletin 12 (1949), pp. 84–108.
— Palladio. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
—‘Sources of the Renaissance villa’, in Studies in Western Art , Vol. 2: The Renaissance and Mannerism , ed. I. E. Rubin, pp. 6–18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Ady, C. M., The Bentivoglio of Bologna. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937.
Ago, R., Gusto for Things: A History of Objects in Seventeenth-Century Rome . Eng. trans., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Ajmar, M., ‘Talking pots’, in The Art Market in Italy , ed. M. Fantoni et al., pp. 55–64. Modena: Panini, 2003.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., and F. Dennis (eds), At Home in Renaissance Italy . London: V&A, 2006.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., F. Dennis and A. Matchette, Approaching the Italian Renaissance Interior . Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
Alberici, C. (ed.), Leonardo e l’incisione . Milan: Electa, 1984.
Alberigo, G., I vescovi italiani al concilio di Trento. Florence: Sansoni, 1959.
Alberti, L. B., De re aedificatoria , ed. P. Portoghesi, 2 vols. Milan: Il Polifilo, 1966.
—I libri della famiglia , ed. R. Romano and A. Tenenti. Eng. trans. R. N. Watkins. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1969.
—On Painting , Eng. trans. J. R. Spencer. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
—On Painting; and On Sculpture ,Eng. trans. C. Grayson. London: Phaidon Press, 1972.
Albertini, R. von, Das florentinisch Staatsbewusstsein im Ubergang von der Republik zum Prinzipat. Bern: Franke, 1955.
Alpers, S., The Art of Describing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Alsop, J., The Rare Art Traditions. London: Thames & Hudson, 1982.
Ames-Lewis, F., ‘Donatello’s bronze David and the Palazzo Medici courtyard’, Renaissance Studies 3 (1989), pp. 235–51.
— Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1981.
—(ed.), Florence . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
— The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist . New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2000.
— Isabella and Leonardo . New
1 Regionof birth: nine possible answers (Lombardy; Veneto; Tuscany; States of the Church; south Italy; Liguria; Piedmont; outside Italy; not known).
2 Size of birthplace: four possible answers (large; medium; small; not known).
3 Father’s occupation: nine possible answers (cleric; noble; humanist; professional or merchant; artist; artisan or shop-keeper connected with the arts; artisan or shop-keeper unconnected with the arts; peasant; not known).
4 Training: six possible answers (University of Padua; other universities; other humanist education; apprenticeship; musical education; not known).
5 Main discipline practised: seven possible answers (painting; sculpture; architecture; literature; humanism; science; music).
6 Specialization: three possible answers (one discipline; two disciplines; three or more).
7 Relatives practising these disciplines: five possible answers (no known relatives; one; two; three; four or more).
8 Geographical mobility: five possible answers (extremely sedentary; fairly sedentary; fairly mobile; extremely mobile; not known).
9 Patronage: two possible answers (Medici patronage; other).
10 Period of birth: ten possible answers (dividing the years 1340–1519 into nine periods of twenty years each, and adding a ‘not known’).
R EFERENCES AND B IBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography contains all works to which reference is made in the notes, together with a few other studies of relevance to the field. JWCI = Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute .
Ackerman, J. S., ‘Architectural practice in the Italian Renaissance’, Journal of the Society for Architectural History 13 (1954), pp. 3–10.
— The Architecture of Michelangelo. 2nd edn, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
—‘ Ars sine scientia nihil est ’, Art Bulletin 12 (1949), pp. 84–108.
— Palladio. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
—‘Sources of the Renaissance villa’, in Studies in Western Art , Vol. 2: The Renaissance and Mannerism , ed. I. E. Rubin, pp. 6–18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Ady, C. M., The Bentivoglio of Bologna. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937.
Ago, R., Gusto for Things: A History of Objects in Seventeenth-Century Rome . Eng. trans., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Ajmar, M., ‘Talking pots’, in The Art Market in Italy , ed. M. Fantoni et al., pp. 55–64. Modena: Panini, 2003.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., and F. Dennis (eds), At Home in Renaissance Italy . London: V&A, 2006.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., F. Dennis and A. Matchette, Approaching the Italian Renaissance Interior . Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
Alberici, C. (ed.), Leonardo e l’incisione . Milan: Electa, 1984.
Alberigo, G., I vescovi italiani al concilio di Trento. Florence: Sansoni, 1959.
Alberti, L. B., De re aedificatoria , ed. P. Portoghesi, 2 vols. Milan: Il Polifilo, 1966.
—I libri della famiglia , ed. R. Romano and A. Tenenti. Eng. trans. R. N. Watkins. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1969.
—On Painting , Eng. trans. J. R. Spencer. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
—On Painting; and On Sculpture ,Eng. trans. C. Grayson. London: Phaidon Press, 1972.
Albertini, R. von, Das florentinisch Staatsbewusstsein im Ubergang von der Republik zum Prinzipat. Bern: Franke, 1955.
Alpers, S., The Art of Describing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Alsop, J., The Rare Art Traditions. London: Thames & Hudson, 1982.
Ames-Lewis, F., ‘Donatello’s bronze David and the Palazzo Medici courtyard’, Renaissance Studies 3 (1989), pp. 235–51.
— Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1981.
—(ed.), Florence . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
— The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist . New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2000.
— Isabella and Leonardo . New
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