From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 by George C. Herring Page B

Relations Throughout History
(New York, 1997), 11.

78 . Arthur Power Dudden,
The American Pacific: From the Old China Trade to the Present
(New York, 1992), 11–17; William Stanton,
The Great United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842
(Berkeley, Calif., 1975); Nathaniel Philbrick,
Sea of Glory: America's Voyage of Discovery, the U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842
(New York, 2003).

79 . Dudden,
American Pacific,
56–57.

83 . Ssu-Yu Teng and John K. Fairbank,
China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923
(New York, 1954), 17–19; Edwin O. Reischauer,
The United States and Japan
(rev. ed., New York, 1957), 5–11.

84 . Murray A. Rubinstein, "The Wars They Wanted: American Missionaries' Use of the
Chinese Repository
Before the Opium War,"
American Neptune
48 (Fall 1988), 277–82.

85 . Kenneth E. Shewmaker, ed.,
The Papers of Daniel Webster: Diplomatic Papers
(Hanover, N.H., 1983), 1:907–10; Webster to Caleb Cushing, May 8, 1843, ibid., 922–26.

86 . Warren I. Cohen,
America's Response to China: An Interpretive History of Sino-American Relations
(New York, 1974), 14.

87 . Michael H. Hunt,
The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914
(New York, 1983), 26.

88 . William M. Gabard, "John Eliot Ward: A Georgia Elitist in the Celestial Empire, 1858–1860,"
Studies in the Social Sciences
22 (June 1983), 56–60.

89 . Hunt,
Special Relationship,
35.

90 . Earl Swisher, Chi
na's Management of the American Barbarians
(New Haven, Conn., 1951), 46.

92 . LaFeber,
Clash,
18–23; Jack M. Hammersmith,
Spoilsmen in a "Flowery Fairland": The Development of the U.S. Legation in Japan, 1859–1906
(Kent, Ohio, 1998), 1–25.

93 . Stuart,
United States Expansionism,
96.

94 . Elbert B. Smith,
The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore
(Lawrence, Kans., 1988), 18.

95 . Gara,
Pierce,
150.

96 . Robert E. May,
Manifest Destiny's Underworld: Filibustering in Antebellum America
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2002), 1–116.

97 . Gara,
Pierce,
129–32, 147–48.

98 . May,
Filibustering,
117–248.

99 . Quoted in Joseph A. Fry,
Dixie Looks Abroad: The South and U.S. Foreign Relations, 1789–1973
(Baton Rouge, La., 2002), 67. Also Jozsef Gellen, "The American Experiment and Reform-Age Hungary, 1828–1848," in Jacques Portes, ed.,
Europe and America: Criss-Crossing Perspectives, 1788–1848
(Paris, 1987), 131–48.

100 . Smith,
Taylor/Fillmore,
231.

102 . Mark J. White, "The Case of the Yucatecan Request: American Foreign Policy at the Close of the Mexican War,"
Mid-America
72 (October 1990), 177, 184, 189.

103 . Gara,
Pierce,
147.

105 . Gara,
Pierce,
150–55; "The Ostend Manifesto," October 18, 1854, in Ruhl Bartlett, ed.,
The Record of American Diplomacy
(New York, 1950), 240–42.

107 . Quoted in Thomas M. Leonard,
Central America and the United States: The Search for Stability
(Athens, Ga., 1991), 22.

108 . Gara,
Pierce,
145.

109 . James M. Woods, "Expansionism as Diplomacy: The Career of Solon Borland in Central America, 1853–1854,"
Americas
40 (January 1984), 410–15.

110 . Leonard,
Central America,
22–30; John H. Coatsworth,
Central America and the United States: The Clients and the Colossus
(New York, 1994), 27–29.

111 . Quoted in Paul A. Varg,
United States Foreign Relations, 1820–1860
(East Lansing, Mich., 1979), 230.

112 . Elbert B. Smith,
The Presidency of James Buchanan
(Lawrence, Kans., 1975), 71.

114 . Coatsworth,
Central America,
27; Albert Z. Carr,
The World and William Walker
(New York, 1963).

115 . Smith,
Buchanan,
69–80.

116 . Robert M. May, "Agents of Manifest Destiny," unpublished paper in possession of author, and
Manifest Destiny,
240, 246–47.

117 . Weeks,
Continental Empire,
163; Fry,
Dixie,
72–74.

1 . Robert E. May, ed.,
The Union, the Confederacy and the Atlantic Rim
(Lafayette, Ind., 1995), 1–2.

3 . Carl N. Degler, "One Among Many: The United States and National Unification," in Carl J. Guarneri,
America