From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 by George C. Herring Page A
Authors: George C. Herring
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N.C., 1977). See also Francis M. Carroll,
A Good and Wise Measure; The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842
(Toronto, 2001).
28 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
136–37.
29 . Calhoun to Pakenham, September 3, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:705.
31 . Bergeron,
Polk,
45; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
249.
32 . Jones and Rakestraw,
Prologue,
235. Daniel Walker Howe,
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1845
(New York, 2007), 715–22, argues that Polk took a hard line on Oregon to gain northern Democrats' support for a tough stance with Mexico.
35 . Quoted in David M. Pletcher,
The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War
(Columbia, Mo., 1973), 339.
37 . Ibid., 402–17; Howe,
What Hath God Wrought,
718–22.
38 . Stuart,
United States Expansionism,
104–5.
39 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
193.
40 . Robert Paquette, "The Everett–Del Monte Connection: A Study in the International Politics of Slavery,"
Diplomatic History
11 (Winter 1987), 1–22; Edmund P. Gaines to Calhoun, May 5, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
18:440–441, and Calhoun to William King, August 12, 1844, ibid. 19:568, 578.
43 . Gadsden to Calhoun, May 3, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
18:84–85.
44 . Edward P. Crapol, "John Tyler and the Pursuit of National Destiny,"
Journal of the Early Republic
17 (Fall 1997), 476–79.
45 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
176–80, 256–58.
46 . Enrique Krauze,
Mexico, Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico
(New York, 1997), 99–135, 142.
47 . J. M. de Bocaneara to Ben Green, June 6, 15, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:67, 79.
48 . Bergeron,
Polk,
58–63.
49 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
139.
50 . Larkin to Calhoun, August 18, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:606–7; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
87.
51 . Charles G. Sellers,
The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846
(New York, 1991), 420.
52 . Gene M. Brack,
Mexico Views Manifest Destiny, 1821–1846
:
An Essay on the Origins of the Mexican War
(Albuquerque, N.M., 1975), 95.
53 . Horsman,
Race and Manifest Destiny,
210; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
156.
54 . Quoted in Hietala,
Manifest Design,
154.
55 . The major "revisionist" study is Glenn W. Price,
Origins of the War with Mexico: The Polk-Stockton Intrigue
(Austin, Tex., 1967).
56 . Bergeron,
Polk,
73–74.
57 . Sellers,
Market Revolution,
421.
58 . Quoted in Norman A. Graebner, "The Mexican War: A Study in Causation,"
Pacific Historical Review
49 (August 1980), 418.
59 . Brack,
Mexico Views,
82, 99. A recent excellent analysis is Timothy Henderson,
A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States
(New York, 2007).
60 . Pletcher,
Diplomacy of Annexation,
461.
61 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
158.
62 . Pletcher,
Diplomacy of Annexation,
493.
63 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
32–33, 50, 171–73, 205; Howe,
What Hath God Wrought,
789–90, 797–98.
64 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
10, 12–13, 16, 25.
66 . John H. Schroeder,
Mr. Polk's War: American Opposition and Dissent, 1846–1848
(Madison, Wisc., 1973), 99.
67 . Ibid., 72–73, 160–63; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
275–79.
68 . Schroeder,
Mr. Polk's War,
143.
69 . Robert A. Doughty et al.,
Warfare in the Western World
(2 vols., Lexington, Mass., 1996), 1:321.
70 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
163; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
299.
71 . Quoted in K. Jack Bauer,
The Mexican War, 1846–1848
(New York, 1974), 399.
72 . Krauze,
Mexico,
143, 147–49; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
301.
73 . Bergeron,
Polk,
110.
74 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
5.
75 . Sellers,
Market Revolution,
425.
76 . Quoted in Kenneth E. Shewmaker, "Forging the 'Great Chain': Daniel Webster and the Origins of American Foreign Policy Toward East Asia and the Pacific, 1841–1852,"
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
129 (September 1985), 250–51.
77 . Walter LaFeber,
The Clash
:
U.S.-Japanese
A Good and Wise Measure; The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842
(Toronto, 2001).
28 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
136–37.
29 . Calhoun to Pakenham, September 3, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:705.
31 . Bergeron,
Polk,
45; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
249.
32 . Jones and Rakestraw,
Prologue,
235. Daniel Walker Howe,
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1845
(New York, 2007), 715–22, argues that Polk took a hard line on Oregon to gain northern Democrats' support for a tough stance with Mexico.
35 . Quoted in David M. Pletcher,
The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War
(Columbia, Mo., 1973), 339.
37 . Ibid., 402–17; Howe,
What Hath God Wrought,
718–22.
38 . Stuart,
United States Expansionism,
104–5.
39 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
193.
40 . Robert Paquette, "The Everett–Del Monte Connection: A Study in the International Politics of Slavery,"
Diplomatic History
11 (Winter 1987), 1–22; Edmund P. Gaines to Calhoun, May 5, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
18:440–441, and Calhoun to William King, August 12, 1844, ibid. 19:568, 578.
43 . Gadsden to Calhoun, May 3, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
18:84–85.
44 . Edward P. Crapol, "John Tyler and the Pursuit of National Destiny,"
Journal of the Early Republic
17 (Fall 1997), 476–79.
45 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
176–80, 256–58.
46 . Enrique Krauze,
Mexico, Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico
(New York, 1997), 99–135, 142.
47 . J. M. de Bocaneara to Ben Green, June 6, 15, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:67, 79.
48 . Bergeron,
Polk,
58–63.
49 . Peterson,
Harrison and Tyler,
139.
50 . Larkin to Calhoun, August 18, 1844, in Wilson,
Calhoun Papers
19:606–7; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
87.
51 . Charles G. Sellers,
The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846
(New York, 1991), 420.
52 . Gene M. Brack,
Mexico Views Manifest Destiny, 1821–1846
:
An Essay on the Origins of the Mexican War
(Albuquerque, N.M., 1975), 95.
53 . Horsman,
Race and Manifest Destiny,
210; Hietala,
Manifest Design,
156.
54 . Quoted in Hietala,
Manifest Design,
154.
55 . The major "revisionist" study is Glenn W. Price,
Origins of the War with Mexico: The Polk-Stockton Intrigue
(Austin, Tex., 1967).
56 . Bergeron,
Polk,
73–74.
57 . Sellers,
Market Revolution,
421.
58 . Quoted in Norman A. Graebner, "The Mexican War: A Study in Causation,"
Pacific Historical Review
49 (August 1980), 418.
59 . Brack,
Mexico Views,
82, 99. A recent excellent analysis is Timothy Henderson,
A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States
(New York, 2007).
60 . Pletcher,
Diplomacy of Annexation,
461.
61 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
158.
62 . Pletcher,
Diplomacy of Annexation,
493.
63 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
32–33, 50, 171–73, 205; Howe,
What Hath God Wrought,
789–90, 797–98.
64 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
10, 12–13, 16, 25.
66 . John H. Schroeder,
Mr. Polk's War: American Opposition and Dissent, 1846–1848
(Madison, Wisc., 1973), 99.
67 . Ibid., 72–73, 160–63; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
275–79.
68 . Schroeder,
Mr. Polk's War,
143.
69 . Robert A. Doughty et al.,
Warfare in the Western World
(2 vols., Lexington, Mass., 1996), 1:321.
70 . Hietala,
Manifest Design,
163; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
299.
71 . Quoted in K. Jack Bauer,
The Mexican War, 1846–1848
(New York, 1974), 399.
72 . Krauze,
Mexico,
143, 147–49; Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
301.
73 . Bergeron,
Polk,
110.
74 . Johannsen,
Halls of the Montezumas,
5.
75 . Sellers,
Market Revolution,
425.
76 . Quoted in Kenneth E. Shewmaker, "Forging the 'Great Chain': Daniel Webster and the Origins of American Foreign Policy Toward East Asia and the Pacific, 1841–1852,"
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
129 (September 1985), 250–51.
77 . Walter LaFeber,
The Clash
:
U.S.-Japanese
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