Rebecca, 230–31
Bird, Chris, 151–52
birth announcements, 194–95
Bishop, Katherine, 138
Blair, Sampson Lee, 80
Bleier, Ruth, 106, 136, 177–78, 261, 268, 271–72, 273
Blum, Lenore, 47–48
body language, attitudes expressed in, 200–201
Boston Globe
, xxviii, 152–53
Bradley, Karen, 94–95
brain:
amygdala in, 149, 163, 276–77
anterior cingulate in, 152
association cortices in, 103
attribution of innateness to sex differences in, 170–71, 174–75
cerebral cortex in, 156, 163, 164, 276–77
communication centres in, 99
as coproduced by biology and environment, 177–78, 236
difficulty in inferring mind from, 140, 142, 175
distributed neural networks in, 143–44
environmental influences on, 176–78
evolutionary psychology and, 176
frontal lobes in, 146
gender differences as hardwired in, xv–xvi, xviii–xix, xxiv, 9, 13, 18–19, 50–51, 91, 107–9, 111, 116, 139, 144, 155–56, 158–61, 178–80, 185–86, 191, 275
gene expression and, 176–77, 236
hippocampus in, 164
inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in, 155–56
lack of knowledge about, xxvii–xxviii, 150, 169
limbic system in, 156
neuroconstructivist view of, 177
organisational-activational hypothesis of, 101–6
parietal lobes in, 146
plasticity of, 176–77, 236, 246
see also
female brain; male brain
Brain Gender
(Hines), 40
brain imaging:
control vs. experimental tasks in, 134–35
file-drawer phenomenon and, 134, 137
limitations of insights into psychological function from, 142–54, 157, 166, 169
real vs. spurious results in, 133–35, 137–38, 150, 175–76
reverse inference in, 151–53, 155
sample size in, 137, 138, 150
sex differences as observed in, xxii, 137–39, 143, 145–45, 148, 160–61, 163–64, 272, 273, 274–75, 276–78, 279
see also
fMRI; MRI; PET
Brain Sex
(Moir and Jessel), xxi–xxii
brain size:
IQ and, xxiv–xxv, 132, 141
in women vs. men, xxiv, 132, 141, 143, 274–75, 278–79
Brescoll, Victoria, 58–59
Brizendine, Louann, xv–xvi, xxii, 14, 19, 99–100, 104, 157–62, 167, 191
Broca, Paul, xxiv
Brown, Lyn, 220–21, 222
Bruer, John, 166
Buracas, Giedrius, 152
Burton, Frances, 123, 124, 126–27, 128
Bussey, Kay, 206
Cabot, Richard, 233–34
Cadinu, Mara, 32
CAH,
see
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Caldecott Medal books, 220–21, 222–23, 285
Cameron, Deborah, 63–64, 271
care, ethic of, 24–25
career decisions:
gender stereotypes and, 48–49
implicit associations and, 83–84
Carnegie-Mellon University, 46–48
Carr-Gregg, Michael, 208
Castelli, Luigi, 199–201
Castle, Cora, xxiv
causation, correlation vs., 145, 273
CBS News
, 169
Ceci, Stephen, 254
Center for Work-Life Policy, 51
cephalic index, 132
Charles, Maria, 94–95
Cheryan, Sapna, 45–46
children:
assimilation of racial attitudes by, 199–201
in-group bias in, 228
see also
newborns; parenting
children, assimilation of gender identity by, xx, 207–13, 214–25, 238–39, 283
‘biology as fallback’ explanations for, xx, 189–91, 203, 216, 226
gender-coded clothing and, 207–11, 215
media and, 214–15, 218–23, 285
metaphorical cues and, 224
peer feedback and, 218
self-socialising and, 128, 226–32
tomboyism and, 268
toy and play choice and, 110–11, 198, 202–3, 205–6, 218, 229–31, 268, 282
children’s books and media, gender stereotypes in, 214–15, 218–23, 285
Civil Rights Act (1964), 41
Clarke, Edward, 166
Clinton, Hillary, 58
clothing, gender-coded, 207–11, 215, 226–27, 238–39
cognitive performance, testosterone and, 37–38, 129
communal traits, 3, 61
competition, testosterone and, 252
computer science:
Armenian women in, 93–94
geek stereotype of, 44–48
women’s contributions to, 45
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 119–23, 137
gender identity and, 267–68
language lateralisation and, 137
mental rotation and, 121
systemising vs. empathy in, 120–21
and toy and play choice, 121–22, 130, 231
Connellan, Jennifer,
Bird, Chris, 151–52
birth announcements, 194–95
Bishop, Katherine, 138
Blair, Sampson Lee, 80
Bleier, Ruth, 106, 136, 177–78, 261, 268, 271–72, 273
Blum, Lenore, 47–48
body language, attitudes expressed in, 200–201
Boston Globe
, xxviii, 152–53
Bradley, Karen, 94–95
brain:
amygdala in, 149, 163, 276–77
anterior cingulate in, 152
association cortices in, 103
attribution of innateness to sex differences in, 170–71, 174–75
cerebral cortex in, 156, 163, 164, 276–77
communication centres in, 99
as coproduced by biology and environment, 177–78, 236
difficulty in inferring mind from, 140, 142, 175
distributed neural networks in, 143–44
environmental influences on, 176–78
evolutionary psychology and, 176
frontal lobes in, 146
gender differences as hardwired in, xv–xvi, xviii–xix, xxiv, 9, 13, 18–19, 50–51, 91, 107–9, 111, 116, 139, 144, 155–56, 158–61, 178–80, 185–86, 191, 275
gene expression and, 176–77, 236
hippocampus in, 164
inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in, 155–56
lack of knowledge about, xxvii–xxviii, 150, 169
limbic system in, 156
neuroconstructivist view of, 177
organisational-activational hypothesis of, 101–6
parietal lobes in, 146
plasticity of, 176–77, 236, 246
see also
female brain; male brain
Brain Gender
(Hines), 40
brain imaging:
control vs. experimental tasks in, 134–35
file-drawer phenomenon and, 134, 137
limitations of insights into psychological function from, 142–54, 157, 166, 169
real vs. spurious results in, 133–35, 137–38, 150, 175–76
reverse inference in, 151–53, 155
sample size in, 137, 138, 150
sex differences as observed in, xxii, 137–39, 143, 145–45, 148, 160–61, 163–64, 272, 273, 274–75, 276–78, 279
see also
fMRI; MRI; PET
Brain Sex
(Moir and Jessel), xxi–xxii
brain size:
IQ and, xxiv–xxv, 132, 141
in women vs. men, xxiv, 132, 141, 143, 274–75, 278–79
Brescoll, Victoria, 58–59
Brizendine, Louann, xv–xvi, xxii, 14, 19, 99–100, 104, 157–62, 167, 191
Broca, Paul, xxiv
Brown, Lyn, 220–21, 222
Bruer, John, 166
Buracas, Giedrius, 152
Burton, Frances, 123, 124, 126–27, 128
Bussey, Kay, 206
Cabot, Richard, 233–34
Cadinu, Mara, 32
CAH,
see
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Caldecott Medal books, 220–21, 222–23, 285
Cameron, Deborah, 63–64, 271
care, ethic of, 24–25
career decisions:
gender stereotypes and, 48–49
implicit associations and, 83–84
Carnegie-Mellon University, 46–48
Carr-Gregg, Michael, 208
Castelli, Luigi, 199–201
Castle, Cora, xxiv
causation, correlation vs., 145, 273
CBS News
, 169
Ceci, Stephen, 254
Center for Work-Life Policy, 51
cephalic index, 132
Charles, Maria, 94–95
Cheryan, Sapna, 45–46
children:
assimilation of racial attitudes by, 199–201
in-group bias in, 228
see also
newborns; parenting
children, assimilation of gender identity by, xx, 207–13, 214–25, 238–39, 283
‘biology as fallback’ explanations for, xx, 189–91, 203, 216, 226
gender-coded clothing and, 207–11, 215
media and, 214–15, 218–23, 285
metaphorical cues and, 224
peer feedback and, 218
self-socialising and, 128, 226–32
tomboyism and, 268
toy and play choice and, 110–11, 198, 202–3, 205–6, 218, 229–31, 268, 282
children’s books and media, gender stereotypes in, 214–15, 218–23, 285
Civil Rights Act (1964), 41
Clarke, Edward, 166
Clinton, Hillary, 58
clothing, gender-coded, 207–11, 215, 226–27, 238–39
cognitive performance, testosterone and, 37–38, 129
communal traits, 3, 61
competition, testosterone and, 252
computer science:
Armenian women in, 93–94
geek stereotype of, 44–48
women’s contributions to, 45
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 119–23, 137
gender identity and, 267–68
language lateralisation and, 137
mental rotation and, 121
systemising vs. empathy in, 120–21
and toy and play choice, 121–22, 130, 231
Connellan, Jennifer,
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