command
heroic-divine reputation
later years
in North Africa; attack on Carthaginian camps; battle of Zama; treaty with Carthage
preparations in Sicily for invasion of North Africa
return to Rome
siege of New Carthage
tactics at Ilipa
triumph
victory in Spain
view of Hannibal
Scipio, Publius Cornelius, Roman commander
against Hannibal in Italy
battle of Hibera
battle of Ticinius
first contact with Hannibal
sea walls
Second Punic War (218–201 BC)
aftermath
build-up to
declaration of war
Hannibal’s advance to Rome
Hannibal’s years in Italy
Scipio in North Africa
treaty and indemnity
see also Hannibal Barca
Segesta, Sicily
dispute with Selinus
Seleucid Empire
Seleucus I, king of Syria
Selinus, Sicily
dispute with Segesta
new Punic settlement
siege of
temple of Heracles
Sena Gallica, Umbria, battle of
Sennacherib, Great King of Assyria
Septimius Severus (grandfather of emperor)
Septimius Severus, Lucius, Emperor (193 AD)
Servius Tullius, Roman king
ship-building
construction method
and Mediterranean trade
Phoenician advances
ships
bireme
Egyptian
gauloi (merchant ships)
penteconter
Phoenician
quadrireme
quinquereme
story of first boat
trireme
Sibylline books (Roman oracular books)
Sican people, Sicily
Sicca, Numidian town
mercenaries in
sanctuary of Astarte
Sicel people, Sicily
Sicily
Carthaginian control over western part
Carthaginian exports to
Carthaginian fortresses
Carthaginian losses to Pyrrhus
cultural syncretism
First Punic War on
and Hannibal’s propaganda
Heracles in
instability
Mamertine mercenaries
Melqart in
military mints
relations between Punic and Greek populations
Roman control over
Roman interest in
Roman invasion (213–211)
Roman legion sent to (217)
Scipio Africanus in
see also Lilybaeum; Syracuse
Sid, Carthaginian god
Sid Babi (Sardus Pater)
temple at Antas
Sidon
cults of Eshmoun and Astarte
trade from
under control of Tyre
‘Sidonian rights’ ( ὺš şdn ), in
Carthage
Siga, Numidia
Silenus of Caleacte, historian/writer
association of Heracles with Hannibal
on capitulation of Tarentum
with Hannibal
on Hannibal’s march to gates of Rome
Silius Italicus
Punica (poem)
on temple of Melqart at Gades
silver
collapse in value (6th century)
Greek lack of
see also coins and coinage
silver ore
Etruria
Sardinia
Spain
Spanish mines
skyphoi (Euboean drinking cups)
slaves
freed to fight in army
legal freedom for
in Roman army
Roman law on
in silver mines
Solomon, king of Judah (Israel), sale of cities to Tyre
Solus, Sicily Cannita sarcophagi
Somalia, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
Sophocles
Andromeda
Ichneuta
Sophonisba, daughter of Hasdrubal Gisco
Sosylus of Sparta, historian/writer
and Hannibal
Souma of Khroub, Numidian mausoleum
Spain
Barcid administration of
Carthaginian ambitions in
euhemeristic account of Heracles’ journey from
fiscal structure
Greeks in
Hamilcar Barca’s expedition
mint
Roman campaign in
silver ore
trade to Greece
victory for Scipio in
see also Andalusia; Gades
Sparta, alliance with Athens
Spendius, leader of mercenaries
springs
Caere
Gades
Heracleium
Roman rite
staircases, twin, Acragas
Statilius Taurus
Statius, Roman poet
statuettes
of Heracles
manufacture of
terracotta figurines
steles
double-headed (Baal Hammon and Tanit)
erected by Abibaal
molk inscriptions
motifs
sign of Tanit on
Stesichorus
Geryoneis (poem)
Strabo, Greek geographer
stucco
Su Nuraxi, Nuragic settlement, Sardinia
Sudan, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
suffetes (two elected senior magistrates)
Sulcis, Sardinia tophet
Suniatus, rival to Hanno the Great
Syphax, king of Massaesylian Numidian kingdom
Syracuse
alliance with Segesta
defeat by Rome (263 BC)
and Mamertines
mints
peace treaty (405 BC)
and Pyrrhus
and Roman control of Sicily
Roman siege (213–211)
support for Carthage against mercenary rebels
as threat to Rome
treaty with Carthage (373
heroic-divine reputation
later years
in North Africa; attack on Carthaginian camps; battle of Zama; treaty with Carthage
preparations in Sicily for invasion of North Africa
return to Rome
siege of New Carthage
tactics at Ilipa
triumph
victory in Spain
view of Hannibal
Scipio, Publius Cornelius, Roman commander
against Hannibal in Italy
battle of Hibera
battle of Ticinius
first contact with Hannibal
sea walls
Second Punic War (218–201 BC)
aftermath
build-up to
declaration of war
Hannibal’s advance to Rome
Hannibal’s years in Italy
Scipio in North Africa
treaty and indemnity
see also Hannibal Barca
Segesta, Sicily
dispute with Selinus
Seleucid Empire
Seleucus I, king of Syria
Selinus, Sicily
dispute with Segesta
new Punic settlement
siege of
temple of Heracles
Sena Gallica, Umbria, battle of
Sennacherib, Great King of Assyria
Septimius Severus (grandfather of emperor)
Septimius Severus, Lucius, Emperor (193 AD)
Servius Tullius, Roman king
ship-building
construction method
and Mediterranean trade
Phoenician advances
ships
bireme
Egyptian
gauloi (merchant ships)
penteconter
Phoenician
quadrireme
quinquereme
story of first boat
trireme
Sibylline books (Roman oracular books)
Sican people, Sicily
Sicca, Numidian town
mercenaries in
sanctuary of Astarte
Sicel people, Sicily
Sicily
Carthaginian control over western part
Carthaginian exports to
Carthaginian fortresses
Carthaginian losses to Pyrrhus
cultural syncretism
First Punic War on
and Hannibal’s propaganda
Heracles in
instability
Mamertine mercenaries
Melqart in
military mints
relations between Punic and Greek populations
Roman control over
Roman interest in
Roman invasion (213–211)
Roman legion sent to (217)
Scipio Africanus in
see also Lilybaeum; Syracuse
Sid, Carthaginian god
Sid Babi (Sardus Pater)
temple at Antas
Sidon
cults of Eshmoun and Astarte
trade from
under control of Tyre
‘Sidonian rights’ ( ὺš şdn ), in
Carthage
Siga, Numidia
Silenus of Caleacte, historian/writer
association of Heracles with Hannibal
on capitulation of Tarentum
with Hannibal
on Hannibal’s march to gates of Rome
Silius Italicus
Punica (poem)
on temple of Melqart at Gades
silver
collapse in value (6th century)
Greek lack of
see also coins and coinage
silver ore
Etruria
Sardinia
Spain
Spanish mines
skyphoi (Euboean drinking cups)
slaves
freed to fight in army
legal freedom for
in Roman army
Roman law on
in silver mines
Solomon, king of Judah (Israel), sale of cities to Tyre
Solus, Sicily Cannita sarcophagi
Somalia, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
Sophocles
Andromeda
Ichneuta
Sophonisba, daughter of Hasdrubal Gisco
Sosylus of Sparta, historian/writer
and Hannibal
Souma of Khroub, Numidian mausoleum
Spain
Barcid administration of
Carthaginian ambitions in
euhemeristic account of Heracles’ journey from
fiscal structure
Greeks in
Hamilcar Barca’s expedition
mint
Roman campaign in
silver ore
trade to Greece
victory for Scipio in
see also Andalusia; Gades
Sparta, alliance with Athens
Spendius, leader of mercenaries
springs
Caere
Gades
Heracleium
Roman rite
staircases, twin, Acragas
Statilius Taurus
Statius, Roman poet
statuettes
of Heracles
manufacture of
terracotta figurines
steles
double-headed (Baal Hammon and Tanit)
erected by Abibaal
molk inscriptions
motifs
sign of Tanit on
Stesichorus
Geryoneis (poem)
Strabo, Greek geographer
stucco
Su Nuraxi, Nuragic settlement, Sardinia
Sudan, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
suffetes (two elected senior magistrates)
Sulcis, Sardinia tophet
Suniatus, rival to Hanno the Great
Syphax, king of Massaesylian Numidian kingdom
Syracuse
alliance with Segesta
defeat by Rome (263 BC)
and Mamertines
mints
peace treaty (405 BC)
and Pyrrhus
and Roman control of Sicily
Roman siege (213–211)
support for Carthage against mercenary rebels
as threat to Rome
treaty with Carthage (373
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