What Hath God Wrought by Daniel Walker Howe Page B
Authors: Daniel Walker Howe
Tags: Religión, United States, General, History, Modern, 19th century, Americas (North; Central; South; West Indies)
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Monroe , 338–41; Young, Washington Community , 185–86.
19. Brant, Commander in Chief , 361.
20. Theodore Dwight, History of the Hartford Convention (New York, 1833), 352–79; William Edward Buckley, The Hartford Convention (New Haven, 1934).
21. Remini, Jackson , I, 308–15; Patrick Kastor, The Nation’s Crucible: The Louisiana Purchase and the Creation of America (New Haven, 2004), 174–78. For the later repercussions of this episode, see Joseph G. Tregle Jr., “Andrew Jackson and the Continuing Battle of New Orleans,” JER 1 (1981): 373–93.
22. Ammon, James Monroe , 396.
23. Bradford Perkins, The Creation of a Republican Empire, 1776–1865 (Cambridge, Eng., 1993), 146.
24. The paintings are The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga and The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown .
25. Gallatin quoted in Rutland, Presidency of Madison , 188; J.M.S. Careless, “Introduction” to Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border , 6.
26. See H. Adams, History , IX, 73.
27. John Quincy Adams, quoted in William Earl Weeks, Building the Continental Empire (Chicago, 1996), 29.
28. Donald Hickey, The War of 1812 (Urbana, Ill., 1989), 176, 306; James Horton and Lois Horton, In Hope of Liberty (New York, 1997), 184–85.
29. Madison and Monroe reaffirmed the instruction in October; Ketcham, Madison , 590. See also Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 392–95; Hickey, War of 1812 , 289.
30. See Hickey, War of 1812 , 194–95.
31. Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 432.
32. Updyke, Diplomacy of the War of 1812 , 368–69; William Lowndes to Elizabeth Lowndes, Feb. 17, 1815, quoted in Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 500.
33. See C. P. Stacey, “The Myth of the Unguarded Frontier, 1815–1871,” AHR 56 (1950): 2–12; Kenneth Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908 (London, 1967), 33–52.
34. On the Northwest, see Richard White, The Middle Ground : Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (Cambridge, Eng., 1991); on the Southwest, see L. Leitch Wright Jr., Creeks and Seminoles: The Destruction and Regeneration of the Muscolunge People (Lincoln, Neb., 1986).
35. The Red Sticks got the name from their red war clubs. See John Sugden, Tecumseh’s Last Stand (Norman, Okla., 1985); George F. G. Stanley, “The Indians in the War of 1812,” Canadian Historical Review 31 (1950): 145–65.
36. Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 182. See also Frank Owsley Jr., The Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands (Gainesville, Fla., 1981).
37. John Bach McMaster, History of the People of the United States, from the Revolution to the Civil War (New York, 1895), IV, 171.
38. Treaty of Ghent as printed in Niles’ Weekly Register , Feb. 18, 1815, 397–400.
39. Remini, Jackson , I, 302–5; Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 190; Weeks, Building the Continental Empire , 40.
40. Francis Paul Prucha, Sword of the Republic: The United States Army on the Frontier (New York, 1969), 119–28; Willard Karl Klunder, Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation (Kent, Ohio, 1996), 20, 32–33; R. David Edmunds, The Shawnee Prophet (Lincoln, Neb., 1983), 143–64.
41. William G. McLoughlin, Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic (Princeton, 1986), 198–201, 210–11.
42. Michael Rogin, Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian (New York, 1975), 165. The texts of the treaties are in American State Papers: Indian Affairs (Washington, 1834), II, 1–150.
43. Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 198–99; Joshua Giddings, The Exiles of Florida (Columbus, Ohio, 1858), 40–45; David Heidler and Jeanne Heidler, Old Hickory’s War: Andrew Jackson and the Quest for Empire (Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1996), 62–75.
44. See H. Adams, History , IX, 63–70.
19. Brant, Commander in Chief , 361.
20. Theodore Dwight, History of the Hartford Convention (New York, 1833), 352–79; William Edward Buckley, The Hartford Convention (New Haven, 1934).
21. Remini, Jackson , I, 308–15; Patrick Kastor, The Nation’s Crucible: The Louisiana Purchase and the Creation of America (New Haven, 2004), 174–78. For the later repercussions of this episode, see Joseph G. Tregle Jr., “Andrew Jackson and the Continuing Battle of New Orleans,” JER 1 (1981): 373–93.
22. Ammon, James Monroe , 396.
23. Bradford Perkins, The Creation of a Republican Empire, 1776–1865 (Cambridge, Eng., 1993), 146.
24. The paintings are The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga and The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown .
25. Gallatin quoted in Rutland, Presidency of Madison , 188; J.M.S. Careless, “Introduction” to Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border , 6.
26. See H. Adams, History , IX, 73.
27. John Quincy Adams, quoted in William Earl Weeks, Building the Continental Empire (Chicago, 1996), 29.
28. Donald Hickey, The War of 1812 (Urbana, Ill., 1989), 176, 306; James Horton and Lois Horton, In Hope of Liberty (New York, 1997), 184–85.
29. Madison and Monroe reaffirmed the instruction in October; Ketcham, Madison , 590. See also Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 392–95; Hickey, War of 1812 , 289.
30. See Hickey, War of 1812 , 194–95.
31. Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 432.
32. Updyke, Diplomacy of the War of 1812 , 368–69; William Lowndes to Elizabeth Lowndes, Feb. 17, 1815, quoted in Stagg, Mr. Madison’s War , 500.
33. See C. P. Stacey, “The Myth of the Unguarded Frontier, 1815–1871,” AHR 56 (1950): 2–12; Kenneth Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908 (London, 1967), 33–52.
34. On the Northwest, see Richard White, The Middle Ground : Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (Cambridge, Eng., 1991); on the Southwest, see L. Leitch Wright Jr., Creeks and Seminoles: The Destruction and Regeneration of the Muscolunge People (Lincoln, Neb., 1986).
35. The Red Sticks got the name from their red war clubs. See John Sugden, Tecumseh’s Last Stand (Norman, Okla., 1985); George F. G. Stanley, “The Indians in the War of 1812,” Canadian Historical Review 31 (1950): 145–65.
36. Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 182. See also Frank Owsley Jr., The Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands (Gainesville, Fla., 1981).
37. John Bach McMaster, History of the People of the United States, from the Revolution to the Civil War (New York, 1895), IV, 171.
38. Treaty of Ghent as printed in Niles’ Weekly Register , Feb. 18, 1815, 397–400.
39. Remini, Jackson , I, 302–5; Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 190; Weeks, Building the Continental Empire , 40.
40. Francis Paul Prucha, Sword of the Republic: The United States Army on the Frontier (New York, 1969), 119–28; Willard Karl Klunder, Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation (Kent, Ohio, 1996), 20, 32–33; R. David Edmunds, The Shawnee Prophet (Lincoln, Neb., 1983), 143–64.
41. William G. McLoughlin, Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic (Princeton, 1986), 198–201, 210–11.
42. Michael Rogin, Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian (New York, 1975), 165. The texts of the treaties are in American State Papers: Indian Affairs (Washington, 1834), II, 1–150.
43. Wright, Creeks and Seminoles , 198–99; Joshua Giddings, The Exiles of Florida (Columbus, Ohio, 1858), 40–45; David Heidler and Jeanne Heidler, Old Hickory’s War: Andrew Jackson and the Quest for Empire (Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1996), 62–75.
44. See H. Adams, History , IX, 63–70.
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