Thomas Jefferson's Qur'an: Islam and the Founders by Denise A. Spellberg

Toleration (1689)
, 54.
    258. Waldron,
God, Locke, and Equality
, 220–21.
    259. Waldron makes this point for Muslims and Catholics, ibid., 220–22.
    260. Tully, “Note on the Text,” in
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 19. Locke’s Latin original had listed Christian groups foundin Holland: “Remonstrants, Anti-remonstrants, Lutherans, Anabaptists, or Socinians.”
    261. Marshall,
John Locke
, 369–70.
    262. Locke,
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 54. This is a facsimile of the first edition of the anonymous publication of the Latin
Epistola de Tolerantia
in English by William Popple.
    263. John Dunn, “The Claim to Freedom of Conscience: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Worship?” in
From Persecution to Toleration: The Glorious Revolution and Religion in England
, ed. Ole Peter Grell, Jonathan I. Israel, and Nicholas Tyacke (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 180.
    264. Locke,
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 54. Locke,
Epistola
, 144–45.
    265. The key phrase is “ne ethicus quidem vel Mahumedanus vel Judaeus religionis causa a repulica arcendus”: see Locke,
Epistola
, 144 (Latin), 145 (English). I would like to thank Elizabeth Dickenson for confirming for me that the verb
arcendus
means “to exclude,” but that words equivalent to
ius civile
, or “civil rights,” are nowhere mentioned in Locke’s original Latin.
    266. Locke,
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 54. Locke,
Epistola
, 144-45. Locke approved Popple’s English translation, which “is not a literal translation”; see J. W. Gough, “William Popple’s Translation,” in Locke,
Epistola
, 43–50.
    267. Quoted in Matar, “Turbanned Nations,” 77.
    268. Locke,
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 54.
    269. Jack Turner, “John Locke, Christian Mission, and Colonial America,”
Modern Intellectual History
8 (2011): 291–92.
    270. Matar,
Islam in Britain
, 21–49.
    271. Locke,
Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)
, 56. If checked against the Latin original, Gough’s English translation from the Latin is faithful to the original word
Maumetanus
, or “Mahometan,” rather than the English translation’s “Turk,” and, more important, Locke’s key use of
Islamismum
, or “Islam,” rather than the English translation’s “Mahumetanism”; see Locke,
Epistola
, 148–49. Locke also uses
Alcoranum
for Qur’an in signifying the holy scripture in which Muslims believe; see Locke,
Epistola.
    272. Matar, “Turbanned Nations,” 74; Marshall,
John Locke, Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture
, 614–15.
    273. Marshall,
John Locke
, 370–76.
    274. J. W. Gough, introduction to Locke,
Epistola
, 32.
    275. John Locke,
A Second Letter Concerning Toleration: To the Author of the Argument of the Letter concerning Toleration, briefly considered and answered
, in
Four Letters on Toleration by John Locke
(London: Ward, Lock and Tyler, 1876), 40.
    276. Ibid.
    277. Locke,
A Third Letter Concerning Toleration
, in
Four Letters on Toleration by John Locke
, 154.
    278. Ibid., 157.
    279. Ibid., 198.
    280. Ibid., 203. Locke’s “sociological relativism” is referred to by Matar, “Turbanned Nations,” 73.
    281. Matar, “Turbanned Nations,” 74; Marshall,
John Locke, Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture
, 615.
    282. Locke,
A Third Letter Concerning Toleration
, 203.
    283. Marshall,
John Locke, Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture
, 595, 617.
    284. Locke,
A Third Letter Concerning Toleration
, 204.
    285. Locke,
A Fourth Letter Concerning Toleration
, in
Four Letters on Toleration by John Locke
, 387.
    286. Ibid., 389.
    287. Garcia,
Islam and the English Enlightenment
, 58–59.
    288. Matar, “Turbanned Nations,” 74.
    289. Champion,
Pillars
, 111. Richard H. Popkin, “The Deist Challenge,” in
From Persecution to Toleration
, ed. Grell, Israel, and Tyacke, 209.
    290. Marshall,
John Locke
, 320, 415, 419.
    291. Ibid., 413–15.
    292. Ibid., 460.
    293. For accounts of this controversy, see ibid.,