Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 249
gladiatorial combat, 191–92
globalization, 373–75, 387–412, 418; active religious affiliations, 391, 391, 392; African Christians, 393–96, 394–95; Chinese Christians, 405–407; faiths on Earth, 388–93, 390–92; growth of Christianity and, 408–412; Latin American Christians, 396–99, 399, 400–403, 403, 404; modernity and, 412; nominal religious affiliations, 390, 390, 391; pluralism and, 410–12; regional distribution of Christians, 392, 392, 393
Gnostics, 78, 175, 179, 310
Godfrey of Bouillon, 214, 216, 226
Gospels, 50, 53–57, 62, 91, 165, 408, 409–410; early literacy and, 96–100; historical reliability of, 54–57. See also specific books
Gothic, 239, 249
Goths, 144, 249
Graecina, Pomponia, 95, 135
Gratian, 193
Great Persecution, 144–47, 164, 171, 176
Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77, 199
Greece, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 37–38, 53, 72, 97, 100, 185, 203, 249, 251, 271, 277, 278, 286; cities, 162, 247; Jews, 36–38, 72–74, 75, 76, 80–81; women, 122–23
Greeley, Andrew, 135, 375
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 83
Gregory VII, Pope, 306
Gregory IX, Pope, 309
Gregory the Great, Pope, 196
Guatemala, 398, 399, 403
guilds, 326
Gustavus I, King of Sweden, 329
Hadrian, 173
Haiti, 398–99, 403
Hannibal, 27
Harnack, Adolf von, 80, 89, 94, 96, 121, 134, 153, 161
heavy cavalry, 243, 320
Hebrew, 72, 345
Helena, 171, 173
Helen of Troy, 82
hell, 317
Hellenism, 183; cities, 162; Jews, 36–38, 66, 75–79, 80–81; women, 122–23
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, 305
Henry VIII, King of England, 329, 331, 338, 349, 416
heresy, 228, 304–313, 316, 333; Inquisition and, 344–48, 349; Luther and, 315–32
Hermisdas, Pope, 300
Herod, King, 34–36, 38, 42, 51
Herod Agrippa, King, 64
Hesiod, 82
Hildegard of Bingen, St., 268
Hinduism, 74–75, 390, 391
Hippo, 187
Hobbes, Thomas, 365; Leviathan, 340
Hodgson, Marshall, 204, 208
Holy Family, 51, 59–61
Holy Roman Empire, 301, 327, 328
homosexuality, 27, 333, 349
Honduras, 398, 399, 403
Honorius, 191, 194
Honorius III, Pope, 308
Huguenots, 348
human dissection, 283
Humbert of Romans, 256, 261
Hume, David, 215, 252, 365, 366
Humiliati, 313
Hus, Jan, 103, 313, 315
Iceland, 196, 218
Iconium, 159
idolatry, 11, 13
Ignatius, Bishop, 94–95, 113, 149
immortal soul, 41
India, 199, 201, 374
individualism, 18–19
indulgences, sale of, 317–20, 322
industrialization, 320
infanticide, 123, 126–27, 130, 131
Innocent III, Pope, 308, 309, 311
Inquisition, 5, 272, 288, 291, 333–50, 418; “Black Legend,” 335–36; book burning, 350; deaths, 337–38; exaggeration of, 334–50; heresy and, 344–48; Jews and, 333, 344–47; Lutherans and, 333, 344, 345, 347–48, 350; Muslims and, 333, 344, 345, 347; sexuality and, 348–50; torture, 339; witchcraft, 333, 340–44
Iran, 11, 201, 206, 207, 210
Iraq, 201, 206
Irenaeus, 293
Irving, Washington, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 274
Isaiah, 99
Isiacism, 15–16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25–26, 28, 81
Isis, 15–16, 17, 19, 25–26, 28, 29–30, 81, 162, 196
Islam, 4, 84, 199–211, 224, 286–87, 363–64, 377, 408, 417; Crusades and, 213–34; conversion to, 200, 204–207, 208; destruction of Eastern and North African Christianity, 199–211, 217. See also Muslims
Israel, 3, 11, 36, 199, 224, 234; ancient, 39–45, 61, 71–72; creation of state of, 233
Italy, 4, 174, 203, 204, 217, 227, 322, 328, 349, 377, 384; city-states, 245, 251; medieval, 245, 256, 260–62, 281, 283; Renaissance, 238, 251, 288–92
Jairus, 91
James, 49, 52, 60, 64–65, 66, 70, 91, 112, 414
Jehovah, 84
Jehovah’s Witness, 135, 157, 361, 362
Jenkins, Philip, 211, 393
Jeremiah, 102–103
Jerome, St., 301
Jerusalem, 29, 34, 37, 39–45, 52, 53, 66, 76, 92, 106, 121, 143, 154, 161, 413–14; Council of, 413–14; crusader conquest of, 214, 224, 226–30; early persecuted church in, 61–65; Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77; Jesus Movement, 57–65; Kingdom of, 224, 225, 226, 227; Muslim control of, 217–19, 230; pilgrimages to, 218,
gladiatorial combat, 191–92
globalization, 373–75, 387–412, 418; active religious affiliations, 391, 391, 392; African Christians, 393–96, 394–95; Chinese Christians, 405–407; faiths on Earth, 388–93, 390–92; growth of Christianity and, 408–412; Latin American Christians, 396–99, 399, 400–403, 403, 404; modernity and, 412; nominal religious affiliations, 390, 390, 391; pluralism and, 410–12; regional distribution of Christians, 392, 392, 393
Gnostics, 78, 175, 179, 310
Godfrey of Bouillon, 214, 216, 226
Gospels, 50, 53–57, 62, 91, 165, 408, 409–410; early literacy and, 96–100; historical reliability of, 54–57. See also specific books
Gothic, 239, 249
Goths, 144, 249
Graecina, Pomponia, 95, 135
Gratian, 193
Great Persecution, 144–47, 164, 171, 176
Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77, 199
Greece, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 37–38, 53, 72, 97, 100, 185, 203, 249, 251, 271, 277, 278, 286; cities, 162, 247; Jews, 36–38, 72–74, 75, 76, 80–81; women, 122–23
Greeley, Andrew, 135, 375
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 83
Gregory VII, Pope, 306
Gregory IX, Pope, 309
Gregory the Great, Pope, 196
Guatemala, 398, 399, 403
guilds, 326
Gustavus I, King of Sweden, 329
Hadrian, 173
Haiti, 398–99, 403
Hannibal, 27
Harnack, Adolf von, 80, 89, 94, 96, 121, 134, 153, 161
heavy cavalry, 243, 320
Hebrew, 72, 345
Helena, 171, 173
Helen of Troy, 82
hell, 317
Hellenism, 183; cities, 162; Jews, 36–38, 66, 75–79, 80–81; women, 122–23
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, 305
Henry VIII, King of England, 329, 331, 338, 349, 416
heresy, 228, 304–313, 316, 333; Inquisition and, 344–48, 349; Luther and, 315–32
Hermisdas, Pope, 300
Herod, King, 34–36, 38, 42, 51
Herod Agrippa, King, 64
Hesiod, 82
Hildegard of Bingen, St., 268
Hinduism, 74–75, 390, 391
Hippo, 187
Hobbes, Thomas, 365; Leviathan, 340
Hodgson, Marshall, 204, 208
Holy Family, 51, 59–61
Holy Roman Empire, 301, 327, 328
homosexuality, 27, 333, 349
Honduras, 398, 399, 403
Honorius, 191, 194
Honorius III, Pope, 308
Huguenots, 348
human dissection, 283
Humbert of Romans, 256, 261
Hume, David, 215, 252, 365, 366
Humiliati, 313
Hus, Jan, 103, 313, 315
Iceland, 196, 218
Iconium, 159
idolatry, 11, 13
Ignatius, Bishop, 94–95, 113, 149
immortal soul, 41
India, 199, 201, 374
individualism, 18–19
indulgences, sale of, 317–20, 322
industrialization, 320
infanticide, 123, 126–27, 130, 131
Innocent III, Pope, 308, 309, 311
Inquisition, 5, 272, 288, 291, 333–50, 418; “Black Legend,” 335–36; book burning, 350; deaths, 337–38; exaggeration of, 334–50; heresy and, 344–48; Jews and, 333, 344–47; Lutherans and, 333, 344, 345, 347–48, 350; Muslims and, 333, 344, 345, 347; sexuality and, 348–50; torture, 339; witchcraft, 333, 340–44
Iran, 11, 201, 206, 207, 210
Iraq, 201, 206
Irenaeus, 293
Irving, Washington, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 274
Isaiah, 99
Isiacism, 15–16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25–26, 28, 81
Isis, 15–16, 17, 19, 25–26, 28, 29–30, 81, 162, 196
Islam, 4, 84, 199–211, 224, 286–87, 363–64, 377, 408, 417; Crusades and, 213–34; conversion to, 200, 204–207, 208; destruction of Eastern and North African Christianity, 199–211, 217. See also Muslims
Israel, 3, 11, 36, 199, 224, 234; ancient, 39–45, 61, 71–72; creation of state of, 233
Italy, 4, 174, 203, 204, 217, 227, 322, 328, 349, 377, 384; city-states, 245, 251; medieval, 245, 256, 260–62, 281, 283; Renaissance, 238, 251, 288–92
Jairus, 91
James, 49, 52, 60, 64–65, 66, 70, 91, 112, 414
Jehovah, 84
Jehovah’s Witness, 135, 157, 361, 362
Jenkins, Philip, 211, 393
Jeremiah, 102–103
Jerome, St., 301
Jerusalem, 29, 34, 37, 39–45, 52, 53, 66, 76, 92, 106, 121, 143, 154, 161, 413–14; Council of, 413–14; crusader conquest of, 214, 224, 226–30; early persecuted church in, 61–65; Great Revolt, 42, 43, 65, 70, 77; Jesus Movement, 57–65; Kingdom of, 224, 225, 226, 227; Muslim control of, 217–19, 230; pilgrimages to, 218,
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