The Greek & Latin Roots of English
has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose
prima facie
at first appearance
a lawsuit or criminal prosecution in which the evidence before trial is sufficient to prove the case unless there is substantial contradictory evidence
pro bono publico
for the public good
legal work undertaken for the public good, without charge, especially for a client without sufficient financial resources
Who's Giving Advice Here?
A council and a counsel both give advice, but they have different Latin roots. Check your unabridged dictionary for their etymologies and differences in meaning.
    WAR AND PEACE
    The Roman legal system spread wherever the Roman armies conquered because victory meant the imposition of Roman customs and practices, including, of course, the rule of Roman law. In addition, many veterans, after completing their tours of duty, would settle in the regions where they had been stationed, thus further strengthening Roman control and cultural influence.
     
Greek or Latin Word
English Meaning
auxilium, auxilii
help, aid; troops
bellum, belli
war
miles, militis
soldier
pax, pacis
peace
periculum, periculi
danger
       cf. experior-experiri-expertum
try, attempt; risk
polemos (πόλεμος)
war
vinco-vincere-victum
conquer
Who's in Charge Here?
Some officers took their titles from the number of men they commanded. How many were overseen by a decanus? How many by a centurio?

NAME _______________________________________________________
A. In the following sentences, answer each question, or fill in the blank with the literal meaning of the italicized word or part of a word. Make sure that the sentence is grammatically correct. If you are unsure of the meaning, check your unabridged dictionary.
1. What is a plebiscite ? ____________ Who participates in it? ____________
2. What is the science of demography ? ____________
3. What was the original purpose of a census ? ____________
4. To whom should regalia properly belong? ____________ What is its current meaning? ________________________________________________________________
5. When I followed the sign that said, “this way to the egress,” where did I end up? ____________
6. The Roman statesman Cicero wrote a work entitled de Senectute . What was it about? __________
7. If a person pontificates , he speaks in the manner of a __________. What is the current usage of this word? ____________________________________________________________
8. He said he was in vinc ible, but I knew that he could be easily __________.
9. What happens when tyrannicide is committed? __________ __________
10. A patrimony is an inheritance from one's __________.
11. The imperative form of a verb indicates a __________.
12. Civ ility is the kind of behavior expected of a__________. What is the current usage of this word? _____________________________________________________________________
13. He wanted to become an equestrian , but he was terrified of __________.
14. What is the current meaning of provincial ? ________________________________________
15. A person who behaves in a s erv ile manner acts like a __________.
16. The function of a legislature is to __________ the __________.
17. An aristocrat believes in __________ __________. What is the current usage of this word? ___________________________________________________________________________
18. A retrograde motion is one that __________ __________.
19. Many newspapers claim to be the vox populi . What does that mean? ____________________
20. A demagogue is able to __________ __________ by arousing their emotions.
21. He crashed into a parked car on the day of his driving test. It was not a good sign of what was to come; in fact, you might call it __________.
22. He tried to con vin ce me with his arguments, but I was not about to be __________.
23. When he told me that the signs of success were auspicious , what did he mean?

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