The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger by Marc Levinson Page A

originally presented in 1956, should be seen as a call for just such involvement by government agencies; Gilman was director of port planning for PNYA.
    4. U.S. Census Bureau,
Statistical Abstract 1951
, pp. 590–591.
    5. Seattle Port Commission,
Shipping Statistics Handbook
(1963); Erie,
Globalizing L.A.
, p. 80.
    6. Fitzgerald, “A History of Containerization,” pp. 48, 91–93.
    7. Booz-Allen & Hamilton, “General Administrative Survey, Port of Seattle,” January 20, 1958, pp. VI-1-VI-12; Seattle Port Commission, “Report of the Marine Terminal Task Force to the Citizens’ Port Commission,” October 1, 1959, pp. 7, 12, 34; Burke,
A History of the Port of Seattle
, pp. 114–117; Foster and Marshall Inc., “Port of Seattle, Washington, $7,500,000 General Obligation Bonds,” May 4, 1961.
    8. Erie,
Globalizing L.A.
, pp. 80–88.
    9. Woodruff Minor,
Pacific Gateway: An Illustrated History of the Port of Oakland (Oakland
, 2000), p. 45; Port of Oakland, “Port of Oakland,” 1957; Ben E. Nutter, “The Port of Oakland: Modernization and Expansion of Shipping, Airport, and Real Estate Operations, 1957–1977,” interview by Ann Lage, 1991 (Berkeley, 1994), pp. 51, 84, 139; Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” p. 45.
    10. George Home, “Intercoastal Trade,”
NYT
, January 29, 1961; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” pp. 78–79. American-Hawaiian never received the government subsidies it sought to finance its ships.
    11. Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” pp. 47, 69; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” pp. 79–80; Port of Oakland, “60 Years: A Chronicle of Progress,” 1987, pp. 17–18.
    12. Erie,
Globalizing L.A.
, p. 89; Walter Hamshar, “Must U.S. Approve All Pier Leases,”
Herald Tribune
, April 5, 1964.
    13. Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” p. 82; Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” pp. 98–104.
    14. Ting-Li Cho, “A Conceptual Framework for the Physical Development of the Port of Seattle,” Port of Seattle Planning and Research Department, April 1966, p. 15; Arthur D. Little Inc.,
Community Renewal Programming: A San Francisco Case Study
(New York, 1966), p. 34.
    15. Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” pp. 65 and 85–86; Worden,
Cargoes
, 148; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” pp. 112, 120; Port of Oakland, “1957 Revenue Bonds, Series P, $20,000,000,” October 17, 1978, p. 15; Erie,
Globalizing L.A.
, p. 90; Seattle Port Commission, “Container Terminals 1970–1975: A Development Strategy,” November 1969, pp. 1, 10.
    16. Burke,
A History of the Port of Seattle
, pp. 116, 122; Erie,
Globalizing L.A.
, pp. 85–89; Minor,
Pacific Gateway
, p. 53; Fitzgerald, “A History of Containerization,” pp. 91–93; Niven,
American President Lines
, pp. 250–251; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” p. 84.
    17. U.S. Department of Commerce, Marad, “Review of United States Oceanborne Trade 1966” (Washington, DC, 1967), p. 11.
    18. Executive Office of the President, Economic Stabilization Program, Pay Board, “East and Gulf Coast Longshore Contract,” May 2, 1972.
    19. Alan F. Schoedel, “Boston Talks in Deadlock,”
JOC
, June 29, 1966, and “No Progress Reported in Boston Port Dispute,”
JOC
, November 22, 1966.
    20. John R. Immer,
Container Services of the Atlantic
, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC, 1970), chaps. 14 and 15; Philadelphia Maritime Museum, “Delaware Riever Longshoremen Oral History Project: Background Paper,” Vertical File, ILA Local 1291, Tamiment Labor Archive, New York University;
Longshore News
, December 1969; Charles F. Davis, “Ports of Philadelphia Posts Impressive Record,”
JOC
, February 5, 1970; Bremer Ausschuß für Wirtschaftsforschung,
Container Facilities and Traffic in 71 Ports of the World Midyear 1910
(Bremen, 1971).
    21. Matson Research Corporation, “The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy” (Washington, DC, 1970), 1:88–98.
    22. Robert J. McCalla, “From