113
of Japan 8, 115, 229, 230, 232, 235, 238, 239, 242, 273, 286, 290, 303, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314
of Nationalist China 8, 11, 66, 141, 251–2
of occupied Europe 8, 23, 35, 66, 156, 166, 167, 168, 175, 178, 298, 358
of south-east Asia 238, 243
of Ukrainian cities 5, 213, 214, 263
Blunt, Maggie Joy 106, 115, 391
Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Werner von 192, 377
Bräutigam, Otto 187, 197
Brazil 2, 87, 500
bread 4, 9, 14, 18, 19, 21, 25, 87, 125, 202, 207, 238, 240, 243, 271, 275, 282, 412, 415, 422, 448, 464, 480, 494, 496–7, 501
in Britain 13, 20, 89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 105, 115, 348, 351, 363, 365, 366, 386, 387–9, 390, 392, 398, 400, 420, 472, 474
in Germany 21, 22, 25, 28, 164, 181–2, 203, 212, 217, 218, 347, 354, 357–8, 359, 368, 370, 373, 379, 380, 381, 383, 437, 449, 468, 480, 494
in Italy 173, 174
in Japan 282, 288, 307, 497–8
in Middle East 129, 131, 404
in occupied Europe 163, 166, 169, 176, 178, 195, 196, 197, 199, 479
in occupied Soviet Union 39, 184, 192, 322
in Pacific 408, 410, 411, 450, 457, 460, 461
in Soviet Union 12, 219, 224, 225, 268, 319, 320, 321, 328, 329–30, 331, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 437, 470, 471
in United States 421, 423, 436, 478
rationing 89, 164, 173, 181, 182, 202, 212, 217, 381, 329–30, 334, 335, 338, 339, 363, 472, 485
bread grains 9, 29, 93, 96, 157, 159, 162, 186
Britain 2, 16, 34, 36, 62, 64, 67, 68, 69, 89, 103, 104–5, 110, 120, 164, 167–8, 177, 228, 248, 339, 340, 358, 399, 432, 444
agriculture 22, 73, 89–96, 101, 155, 229, 231
and its Empire 120–54, 156, 488
and First World War 23–4, 50, 104, 501
and United States 69, 76, 81, 96, 103, 108–15, 139, 141, 154
as a great power 20, 31
British Restaurants 364–5, 495
food crisis 104, 106
food policy 10, 11, 96, 107, 123, 124, 156, 358, 361–3, 369, 376, 384–5, 387, 390–91, 419–20, 464, 481–4
food shortages 13, 67, 103, 106–7, 111, 272
industrial workers in 8, 363–4, 367, 391, 422
motivation for fighting 270, 345, 463
post-war 471–4, 480, 483, 488, 491, 494, 495
pre-war food economy 19–21, 27, 67, 71–2, 90, 262, 269, 396, 432, 434, 449, 480, 488
pre-war malnutrition 349–53, 397
rationing in 11, 67, 89, 98, 108, 111, 114–16, 123, 139–40, 269, 279, 348, 361–2, 385, 386, 389, 391, 392, 472, 474, 480, 485
reliance on imports 96–101, 105, 108, 117, 145
victory gardens 337, 390–91
wartime improvement in diet 382, 385–99, 414, 417, 418
see also aerial bombardment; black market; blockade; calorie consumption
British armed forces 10, 120, 131, 271, 396, 400
food rationing 129, 319, 334, 399–401, 402, 403–05, 412, 414, 449
British colonies 8, 12, 19, 20, 24, 101, 121, 122, 124, 126, 133, 141, 156, 263, 403, 411, 488
British Empire 16, 20, 22, 31, 50, 67, 68, 92, 97, 120–54, 156, 262, 403, 469, 488, 496
British Food Mission 102, 103, 113
Burma 133, 141, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 152, 230, 235, 236, 237, 239, 252, 257, 274, 282, 283, 285, 300–303, 315, 412, 413
Burma Road 252, 300, 509
Burma–Siam railway 236, 285
calorie consumption
in Britain 348, 366
in Germany 26, 182, 203, 348, 359, 467–8
in Italy 173
in Japan 280, 281, 306, 311, 312
in Poland 5, 206
in modern diet 87, 499
in occupied Europe 166, 169, 171
in occupied Soviet Union 192, 193
in post-war Europe 477, 481
in Soviet Union 329, 343
in United States 478, 500
calorie/energy requirements 5, 8, 9, 13, 66, 166, 181, 203, 263–4, 268, 312, 319, 335, 343, 363, 368, 369, 370, 396
Canada 21, 120, 247, 390
agricultural restructuring 8, 98
fertilizer industry 81, 91–2
post-war relief 480
rationing in 394, 480
wartime improvement in diet 394
canned foods 77, 83, 84, 85, 96, 99, 100, 111, 112, 113, 114, 128, 178, 282, 284, 290, 334, 340, 341, 387, 404, 407, 408, 419, 433, 437, 440, 441, 444, 445, 447, 449–51, 455, 457, 460, 472, 473, 475, 480, 492, 493, 496
cannibalism 195, 256, 297–8, 299–300, 304
Caribbean 20, 68
cash crops 8, 52, 61, 135, 138, 141, 154, 166, 488, 489
cassava/manioc 3, 4, 124, 125, 135
casualties 271,
Bryan Burrough
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Azure Boone
Jerry Pournelle