Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 by Christopher Clark

better nor worse off than in 1609’ (Steinberg,
The Thirty Years War
, p. 3); this view was taken up by Hans-Ulrich Wehler in p. 54 of the first volume of his
Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte
(5 vols., Munich, 1987–2003). However, recent studies have tended to endorse Franz’s findings. The sources are especially full and reliable for Brandenburg. See J. C. Thiebault, ‘The Demography of the Thirty Years War Revisited: Günther Franz and his Critics’,
German History
, 15 (1997), pp. 1–21.
45. Lieselott Enders,
Die Uckermark. Geschichte einer kurmärkischen Landschaft vom 12. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert
(Weimar, 1992), p. 527.
46. See, for example, A. Kuhn, ‘Über das Verhältniss Märkischer Sagen und Gebräuche zur altdeutschen Mythologie’,
Märkische Forschungen
, 1 (1841), pp. 115–46.
47. Samuel Pufendorf,
Elements of Universal Jurisprudence in Two Books
(1660), Book 2, Observation 5, in Craig L. Carr (ed.),
The Political Writings of Samuel Pufendorf
, trans. Michael J. Seidler (New York, 1994), p. 87.
48. Samuel Pufendorf,
On the Law of Nature and Nations in Eight Books
(1672), Book 7, ch. 4, in ibid., p. 220.
49. Ibid., p. 221.
50. Samuel Pufendorf,
De rebus gestis Friderici Wilhelmi Magni Electoris Brandenburgici commentatiorum
, book XIX (Berlin, 1695).
51. Johann Gustav Droysen, ‘Zur Kritik Pufendorfs’, in id.,
Abhandlungen zur neueren Geschichte
(Leipzig, 1876), pp. 309–86, here p. 314.
3 An Extraordinary Light in Germany
     
1. Ferdinand Hirsch, ‘Die Armee des Grossen Kürfürsten und ihre Unterhaltung während der Jahre 1660–1666’,
Historische Zeitschrift
, 17 (1885), pp. 229–75.
2. Helmut Börsch-Supan, ‘Zeitgenössische Bildnisse des Grossen Kurfürsten’, in Gerd Heinrich (ed.),
Ein Sonderbares Licht in Teutschland. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Grossen Kurfürsten von Brandenburg (1640–1688
) (Berlin, 1990), pp. 151–66.
3. Otto Meinardus, ‘Beiträge zur Geschichte des Grossen Kurfürsten’,
FBPG
, 16/2 (1903), pp. 173–99, here p. 176.
4. On the influence of neo-stoicism on the political thought and action of Elector Frederick William and of early modern sovereigns more generally, see esp. Gerhard Oestreich,
Neostoicism and the Early Modern State
, ed. B. Oestreich and H. G. Koenigsberger, trans. D. McLintock (Cambridge, 1982).
5. Derek McKay,
The Great Elector, Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia
(Harlow, 2001), pp. 170–71.
6. Cited from an edict of 1686 in Martin Philippson,
Der Grosse Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg
(3 vols., Berlin, 1897–1903), vol. 3, p. 91.
7. On the naval and colonial plans of the Elector, see Ernst Opgenoorth,
Friedrich Wilhelm der Grosse Kurfürst von Brandenburg
(2 vols., Göttingen, 1971–8), vol. 2, pp. 305–11; E. Schmitt, ‘The Brandenburg Overseas Trading Companies in the 17th Century’, in Leonard Blussé and Femme Gaastra (eds.),
Companies and Trade. Essays on European Trading Companies During the Ancien Regime
(Leiden, 1981), pp. 159–76;Hüttl,
Friedrich Wilhelm
, pp. 445–6; Heinz Duchhardt, ‘Afrika und die deutschen Kolonialprojekte der 2.Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts’,
Archiv für Kulturgeschichte
, 68 (1986), pp. 119–33; a useful historiographical discussion is Klaus-Jürgen Matz, ‘Das Kolonialexperiment des Grossen Kurfürsten in der Geschichtsschreibung des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts’, in Heinrich (ed.),
Ein Sonderbares Licht
, pp. 191–202.
8. Albert Waddington,
Le Grand Électeur F ŕ edéric Guillaume de Brandenbourg: sa politique extérieure, 1640–1688
(2 vols., Paris, 1905–8), vol. 1, p. 43; comments by Götze and Leuchtmar, Stettin, 23 April 1643, in Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer (ed.),
Politische Verhandlungen
, (4 vols., Berlin, 1864–84), vol. 1 (= UuA, vol. 1), pp. 596–7.
9. Lisola to Walderode, Berlin, 30 November 1663, in Alfred Pribram (ed.),
Urkunden und Aktenstücke zur Geschichte des Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg
, vol. 14 (Berlin, 1890), pp. 171–2.
10. Hermann von