Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947

Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 by Christopher Clark Page A

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Petersdorff,
Der Grosse Kurfürst
(Gotha, 1926), p. 40.
11. McKay,
Great Elector
, p. 21; Philippson,
Der Grosse Kurfürst
, vol. 1, pp. 41–2.
12. Margrave Ernest to Frederick William, Cölln, 18 May 1641, in Erdmannsdörffer (ed.),
Politische Verhandlungen
, vol. 1, pp. 451–2.
13. Privy councillors to Frederick William, 6 September 1642 and report on the Margrave’s death by Dr Johannes Magirius, 26 September 1642, in Erdmannsdörffer (ed.),
Politische Verhandlungen
, vol. 1, pp. 499–502, 503–5.
14. Alexandra Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis. A History of Berlin
(London, 1998), pp. 44–5.
15. Philippson,
Der Grosse Kurfürst
, vol. 1, pp. 56–8.
16. Hirsch, ‘Die Armee des grossen Kurfürsten’, pp. 229–75; Waddington,
Grand Électeur
, vol. 1, p. 89; McKay,
Great Elector
, pp. 173–5.
17. Curt Jany, ‘Lehndienst und Landfolge unter dem Grossen Kurfürsten’,
FBPG
, 8 (1895), pp. 419–67.
18. For an analysis of the battle (with diagrams), see Robert I. Frost,
The Northern Wars 1558–1721
(Harlow, 2000), pp. 173–6.
19. Frederick William to Otto von Schwerin, Schweinfurt, 10 February 1675, in Ferdinand Hirsch (ed.),
Politische Verhandlungen
(Berlin 1864–1930) vol. 11 (= UuA, vol. 18), pp. 824–5; Jany, ‘Lehndienst und Landfolge unter dem Grossen Kurfürsten’ (Fortsetzung), in FBPG, 10 (1898), pp. 1–30, here p. 7, note 3.
20. Droysen,
Der Staat des Grossen Kurfürsten
, p. 351.
21.
Diarium Europeaeum XXXII
, cited in Jany, ‘Lehndienst und Landfolge’ (Fortsetzung), p. 7.
22. Pufendorf,
Rebus gestis
, Book VI, § 36–9; Leopold von Orlich,
Friedrich Wilhelm der Grosse Kurfürst. Nach bisher noch unbekannten Original-Handschriften
(Berlin, 1836), pp. 79–81; the Elector’s account is reprinted in the Appendix, pp. 139–42.
23. Cited in Peter Burke,
The Fabrication of Louis XIV
(New Haven, CT, 1992), p. 152.
24. Frederick William, Political Testament of 1667 in Richard Dietrich (ed.),
Die politischen Testamente der Hohenzollern
(Cologne, 1986), pp. 179–204, here pp. 191–2.
25. Heinz Duchhardt and Bogdan Wachowiak,
Um die Soveränität des Herzogthums Preussen: Der Vertrag von Wehlau, 1657
(Hanover, 1998); for contemporary Polish perspectives on the treaty, see Barbara Szymczak,
Stosunki Rzeczypospolitej z Brandenburgi ą i Prusami Ksi ążę cymi w latach 1648–1658 w opinii i działaniach szlachty koronnej
(Warsaw, 2002), esp. pp. 229–58.
26. Comment to Louis XIV by the Austrian envoy in Paris, cited in Orlich,
Friedrich Wilhelm
, p. 158.
27. Cited from Count Raimondo Montecuccoli’s
Treatise on War
(1680), in Johannes Kunisch, ‘Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm und die Grossen Mächte’ in Heinrich (ed.),
Ein Sonderbares Licht
, pp. 9–32, here pp. 30–31.
28. Memoir by Count Waldeck in Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer,
Graf Georg Friedrich von Waldeck. Ein preussischer Staatsmann im siebzehnten Jahrhundert
(Berlin, 1869), pp. 361–2, also pp. 354–5.
29. W. Troost, ‘William III, Brandenburg, and the construction of the anti-French coalition, 1672–88’, in Jonathan I. Israel,
The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essay on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact
(Cambridge, 1991), pp. 299–334, here p. 322.
30. Philippson,
Der Grosse Kurfürst
, vol. 3, pp. 252–3.
31. Peter Baumgart, ‘Der Grosse Kurfürst. Staatsdenken und Staatsarbeit eines europäischen Dynasten’, in Heinrich (ed.),
Ein Sonderbares Licht
, pp. 33–57, here p. 45.
32. Dietrich (ed.),
Die politischen Testamente
, p. 191.
33. For an account of the oath ceremony on which the present description is based, see Bruno Gloger,
Friedrich Wilhelm, Kurfürst von Brandenburg. Biografie
(Berlin, 1985), pp. 152–4.
34. André Holenstein,
Die Huldigung der Untertanen. Rechtskultur und Herrschaftsordnung (800–1800)
, (Stuttgart and New York, 1991), pp. 512–3.
35. This interpretation of the raised fingers is widely documented for the German territories from the early fifteenth century, but the practice is far older; see ibid. pp.

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