North-West Frontier Province, which did well in the 2008 elections.
Azhar, Maulana Masud— Leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed, a Pakistani extremist group allied to al Qaeda and backed by the ISI; set up in 2000.
Babar, Naseerullah— Lieutenant-general and Pakistan’s interior minister who helped launch the Taliban in 1994.
Bagram— Large U.S. military base outside Kabul where Afghan prisoners are also held.
Bakiyev, Kurmanbek— President of Kyrgyzstan, 2006- .
Balochistan— Province of Pakistan.
Barno, David— Lieutenant-general, commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, 2003-2005.
Berdymukhamedow, Gurbanguly— President of Turkmenistan, 2006- .
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)— Major political party in India.
Bhutto, Benazir— Leader of Pakistan Peoples Party and twice prime minister of Pakistan; assassinated in December 2007.
Bin al-Shibh, Ramzi— Planner of 9/11 and a leader of the Hamburg cell; captured in Karachi in 2002.
Bin Laden, Osama— Leader of al Qaeda.
Blair, Tony— British prime minister, 1997-2007.
Brigade 555— Brigade of Arabs and North Africans, led and funded by al Qaeda; used by bin Laden to strengthen Taliban front lines against Ahmad Shah Masud during the Afghanistan civil war.
Chemonics International— U.S. consulting firm based in Washington; contracted by USAID to help in counter-narcotics programs.
Dadullah, Mullah— Taliban commander and, after 2003, in charge of Taliban operations in southern Afghanistan until he was killed in 2007.
Daud, Mohammed— President of Afghanistan, 1973-1978; killed during the Afghan communist coup.
Daud, Sardar Mohammed— Governor of Helmand who replaced Sher Mohammed Akhunzada in 2006.
Dobbins, James— Former U.S. ambassador to the Afghan Northern Alliance.
Dostum, Rashid— General and the Uzbek anti-Taliban commander from northern Afghanistan.
Durand Line— Border dividing Pakistani and Afghan Pashtun tribes; demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1893 but which the Afghans do not recognize.
Durrani— One of the two major sections of the Pashtun tribes, the other being Ghilzai.
DynCorp International— U.S. contracting firm hired to train Afghan army and police.
Ecevit, Bülent— Former prime minister of Turkey.
Eikenberry, Karl W.— Lieutenant-general and commander of U.S.-led Coalition and NATO forces in Afghanistan, 2006; in 2002, head of the Office of Military Cooperation in the American embassy, Kabul.
Fahim, Mohammed— General and successor to Ahmad Shah Masud as leader of the Panjsheri Tajiks and the Northern Alliance; later defense minister in President Karzai’s government.
Fallon, William— Became chief of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) in January 2007; resigned in March 2008 after differences with President Bush.
Farooqi, Amjad Hussain— A leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed who planned the two assassination attacks on Musharraf in December 2003.
Fazlullah, Maulana— Head of extremist militants in the Swat Valley; fought against government forces in 2007. Commander in the Taliban movement in Pakistan famous for his broadcasts on illegal FM radio.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)— Comprises the seven semiautonomous tribal agencies on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
Ferghana Valley— A valley bordering Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, and a hotbed of Islamic radicalism in Central Asia.
Fischer, Joschka— Former German foreign minister and leader of the Green Party.
Franks, Tommy— General and head of CENTCOM during the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
Frontier Corps— Eighty-thousand-strong Pakistani paramilitary force made up of Pashtun tribesmen.
Gailani, Pir Sayed Ahmad— Sufi Afghan leader who led a party that fought the Soviets in the 1980s; after 9/11 headed the Peshawar group of Pashtuns.
Ghilzai— One of the two major sections of the Pashtun tribes, the other being Durrani.
Goss, Porter— Chairman of the U.S. Congressional Intelligence Committee in 2001 and later head of the
Azhar, Maulana Masud— Leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed, a Pakistani extremist group allied to al Qaeda and backed by the ISI; set up in 2000.
Babar, Naseerullah— Lieutenant-general and Pakistan’s interior minister who helped launch the Taliban in 1994.
Bagram— Large U.S. military base outside Kabul where Afghan prisoners are also held.
Bakiyev, Kurmanbek— President of Kyrgyzstan, 2006- .
Balochistan— Province of Pakistan.
Barno, David— Lieutenant-general, commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, 2003-2005.
Berdymukhamedow, Gurbanguly— President of Turkmenistan, 2006- .
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)— Major political party in India.
Bhutto, Benazir— Leader of Pakistan Peoples Party and twice prime minister of Pakistan; assassinated in December 2007.
Bin al-Shibh, Ramzi— Planner of 9/11 and a leader of the Hamburg cell; captured in Karachi in 2002.
Bin Laden, Osama— Leader of al Qaeda.
Blair, Tony— British prime minister, 1997-2007.
Brigade 555— Brigade of Arabs and North Africans, led and funded by al Qaeda; used by bin Laden to strengthen Taliban front lines against Ahmad Shah Masud during the Afghanistan civil war.
Chemonics International— U.S. consulting firm based in Washington; contracted by USAID to help in counter-narcotics programs.
Dadullah, Mullah— Taliban commander and, after 2003, in charge of Taliban operations in southern Afghanistan until he was killed in 2007.
Daud, Mohammed— President of Afghanistan, 1973-1978; killed during the Afghan communist coup.
Daud, Sardar Mohammed— Governor of Helmand who replaced Sher Mohammed Akhunzada in 2006.
Dobbins, James— Former U.S. ambassador to the Afghan Northern Alliance.
Dostum, Rashid— General and the Uzbek anti-Taliban commander from northern Afghanistan.
Durand Line— Border dividing Pakistani and Afghan Pashtun tribes; demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1893 but which the Afghans do not recognize.
Durrani— One of the two major sections of the Pashtun tribes, the other being Ghilzai.
DynCorp International— U.S. contracting firm hired to train Afghan army and police.
Ecevit, Bülent— Former prime minister of Turkey.
Eikenberry, Karl W.— Lieutenant-general and commander of U.S.-led Coalition and NATO forces in Afghanistan, 2006; in 2002, head of the Office of Military Cooperation in the American embassy, Kabul.
Fahim, Mohammed— General and successor to Ahmad Shah Masud as leader of the Panjsheri Tajiks and the Northern Alliance; later defense minister in President Karzai’s government.
Fallon, William— Became chief of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) in January 2007; resigned in March 2008 after differences with President Bush.
Farooqi, Amjad Hussain— A leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed who planned the two assassination attacks on Musharraf in December 2003.
Fazlullah, Maulana— Head of extremist militants in the Swat Valley; fought against government forces in 2007. Commander in the Taliban movement in Pakistan famous for his broadcasts on illegal FM radio.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)— Comprises the seven semiautonomous tribal agencies on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
Ferghana Valley— A valley bordering Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, and a hotbed of Islamic radicalism in Central Asia.
Fischer, Joschka— Former German foreign minister and leader of the Green Party.
Franks, Tommy— General and head of CENTCOM during the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
Frontier Corps— Eighty-thousand-strong Pakistani paramilitary force made up of Pashtun tribesmen.
Gailani, Pir Sayed Ahmad— Sufi Afghan leader who led a party that fought the Soviets in the 1980s; after 9/11 headed the Peshawar group of Pashtuns.
Ghilzai— One of the two major sections of the Pashtun tribes, the other being Durrani.
Goss, Porter— Chairman of the U.S. Congressional Intelligence Committee in 2001 and later head of the
Similar Books
