An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism: The Essentials of Buddhist Spirituality by William Stoddart, Joseph A. Fitzgerald Page A

Fudō-Myō-ō (Sanskrit: Achala Vidyārāja ,“the Unshakable King of
    Knowledge”), viewed as a manifestation of Dainichi Nyorai (Sanskrit:
    Dharmakāya or Mahāvairochana )—the Supreme Reality. Fudō is the
    awesome opponent of the world’s inequities, stupor, and indifference
    to truth. The fire of his righteous anger burns up error and sin while
    il uminating the darkest corners of samsāra .
    In Zen (see pp. 54-55, 61, and 63), a well-known feature is the
    kōan ,the purpose of which is to stimulate satori (sudden il umination, unitive knowledge or gnosis, spiritual realization). The kōan isusually
    a phrase from Scripture, often paradoxical in nature, and its compre-
    hension involves the transcending of discursive thought.
    The central spiritual practice of Jōdo ,namely nembutsu ,has been described on pp. 79-80.
    In the following table of some of the major Japanese Buddhist
    sects or schools, the names of the founders are given within brackets.
    It should be said once again that these various “sects” represent varying
    angles of vision with regard to the original Buddhist revelation and all
    of them, though they sometimes differ greatly one from another, are
    intrinsical y orthodox.

    Japan
    117
    Some of the Major Sects of Japanese Buddhism1
    The founders’ names are given within parentheses. For the antecedent
    and corresponding Chinese sects, see p. 101.
    “Kyoto sects”
    ninth century
    Kegon
    Tendai
    Shingon
    (Shinsō)
    (Dengyō Daishi) (Kōbō Daishi)
    Zen
    twelfth-thirteenth
    centuries
    Rinzai
    Sōtō
    Obaku
    (Eisai)
    (Dōgen)
    (Ingen)
    Amidism
    twelfth-thirteenth
    centuries
    Yuzu Membutsu
    Jōdo
    Jōdo Shin
    (Shoo Daishi)
    (Hōnen)
    (Shinran)
    “Lotus sects”
    thirteenth century
    Hokke-Shū
    (Nichiren)
    Jōdo = Pure Land Shin = true Hokke = lotus Shū = school 1 See E. Steinilber and Kuni Matsuo, Les Sectes Bouddhiques Japonaises (Paris: Crès,
    1930).

    Zen rock garden, Nanzenji Temple, Japan
    Zen monk in sitting meditation
    Zen koan calligraphy

    Amida Buddha rising from behind the
    mountains like a Sun of Compassion,
    Konkaikomyo-ji, Kyoto, Japan, 13th century
    Amida Buddha, hanging scroll, gold on silk,
    Japan, 19th century

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    An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism
    Bodhisattva Kwannon,
    lacquered and gilt wood, Japan, 14th century
    Even though, through the days and years of your life, you have
    piled up much merit by the practice of the Nembutsu , if at the
    time of death you come under the spell of some evil, give way to
    an evil heart, lose faith in and cease practicing the Nembutsu ,
    you will lose birth into the Pure Land immediately after death
    . . . . This is a most terrible thing to contemplate and one which
    no words can describe.
    Hōnen

    Japan
    121
    v. Summary of Some Buddhist Schools or Sects1
    Indian,Chinese,andJapanese
    Sanskrit
    Chinese
    LiteralMeaning
    Japanese
    Avatamsaka
    Hua-yen
    “Flower Garland”
    Kegon
    —
    Tien-T’ai
    “Heavenly Terrace”
    Tendai
    Vajrayāna
    Mi-tsung
    “School of Secrets”
    Shingon
    Dhyāna
    Ch’an
    “Contemplation”
    Zen
    Sukhāvatī
    Ching-t’u
    “Pure Land”
    Jōdo
    Yogāchāra
    Fa-hsiang
    “Dharma-Character”
    Hossō
    ..........................................................................................................................
    Chitta-matra
    Wei-shih
    “Consciousness-Only”
    Yuishiki
    Tibetan
    (1) Nyingma
    “Red Hats”
    (2) Sakya
    “Gray Hats”
    (3) Kagyü &
    ................................................................
    Karma-Kagyü “Black Hats”
    (4) Gelug
    “Yellow Hats”
    The five Dhyāni-Buddha s, Japan, 17th-18th century
    Ethnological Museum, Leiden, Netherlands
    1 For fuller details see pp. 54-55, 90-91, 101, and 116-117.

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    An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism
    T’hanka ofMt. Meru and the Buddhist universe, Bhutan, 19th century
    A group of people were conversing about the future life. Some
    said that fish-eaters would be born into the Pure Land, others
    said that they would not. Hōnen overheard