A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English by Dr. Edward Woods, Rudy Coppieters Page A
Authors: Dr. Edward Woods, Rudy Coppieters
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present).
Long adverbials normally occur in end-position, while short ones usually occur in mid-position. Front-position gives contrast or provides the background or setting for what follows.
Task one **
Underline the adverbials in the following text.
In the last 50 years mining and forest industries have taken a larger place in Newfoundland economics. Although the fishing industries are still the largest employers, the province no longer depends upon them exclusively for its livelihood. In recent years gas and oil reserves to rival those in the North Sea have been discovered off the coast of the island and off Labrador. The federal government has given the go-ahead to a $5.2 billion project known as the Hibernia Oil Fields just off the east coast of St John’s. If plans are realized, oil could flow by the millennium.
(from Insight Guide: Canada , p. 232)
Task two **
(a) Arrange the above adverbials in groups on the basis of form categories, while adding FP, MP or EP in brackets to designate their position in the sentence.
(b) How does length affect these positions?
Task three **
Insert the adverbials (presented in alphabetical order) in the most appropriate position. Only the underlined sentences should be considered.
1. General elections take place.
( always; on a Thursday )
They are not public holidays. People have to work, polling stations are open.
( from seven in the morning; in the normal way; so; till ten at night; to give everybody the opportunity to vote )
(from James O’Driscoll, Britain , p. 101)
2. Andrew Nugée would pack an SLR film camera and about 30 rolls of film.
( not long ago; when he went on vacation )
He takes a digital camcorder.
( for capturing both moving and still images; now; simply )
Nugée is just one of many who have been bitten by the digitalimaging bug: “It’s changed my approach to photography. I take my camcorder,” he says.
( completely; everywhere )
(from Newsweek , 3 September 2001, p.16)
7.3. Time-when 1
Sections 151–155; 455–456
Time-when is often expressed by adverbials having end-position.
The commonest type of adverbial is the prepositional phrase, used especially to refer to points and periods of time:
• at 6.30 p.m.; at noon (= clock-time)
• on Sunday; (on ) the next day (= day periods)
• in / during the morning; in / during April (= shorter or longer than day periods)
• between 1990 and 2000 (= periods with clearly defined limits)
• by night; by day (= idioms).
Noun phrases and adverbs are used in adverbials such as:
• last Saturday; this year; yesterday; tomorrow.
Task one *
Add time-when adverbials to the sentences below, giving them end-position and using the most appropriate connecting preposition where necessary.
1. Western society changed profoundly. (the 1960s)
2. British-born actor Sir Alec Guinness died. (2000; 5 August)
3. Two people were killed in an accident on the nearby motorway. (last Friday)
4. A system of voluntary schools developed. (the 19th century)
5. Have you ever visited Paris? (night)
6. I heard the clock strike twelve. (midnight)
7. People tend to spend less money. (a recession)
8. We are leaving for the Seychelles. (next week)
9. The inter-city bound for Bristol was derailed. (10.54 a.m.)
10. Most schools are open again. (early autumn)
11. The operation is due to take place. (Tuesday morning)
12. World War One ended. (1918; 11 a.m.; 11 November)
Task two **
Complete the following sentences by adding time-when adverbials at the end. Use a variety of adverbials.
1. I was born ……….
2. I went to school for the first time ……….
3. The last time I was abroad was ……….
4. The happiest time in my life was ……….
5. I usually get up ………. and go to bed ……….
6. I’m in the right mood for working ……….
7. I often feel frightened ……….
8. I can relax best ……….
9. I intend to visit my dentist ……….
10. I would like to go on holiday
Long adverbials normally occur in end-position, while short ones usually occur in mid-position. Front-position gives contrast or provides the background or setting for what follows.
Task one **
Underline the adverbials in the following text.
In the last 50 years mining and forest industries have taken a larger place in Newfoundland economics. Although the fishing industries are still the largest employers, the province no longer depends upon them exclusively for its livelihood. In recent years gas and oil reserves to rival those in the North Sea have been discovered off the coast of the island and off Labrador. The federal government has given the go-ahead to a $5.2 billion project known as the Hibernia Oil Fields just off the east coast of St John’s. If plans are realized, oil could flow by the millennium.
(from Insight Guide: Canada , p. 232)
Task two **
(a) Arrange the above adverbials in groups on the basis of form categories, while adding FP, MP or EP in brackets to designate their position in the sentence.
(b) How does length affect these positions?
Task three **
Insert the adverbials (presented in alphabetical order) in the most appropriate position. Only the underlined sentences should be considered.
1. General elections take place.
( always; on a Thursday )
They are not public holidays. People have to work, polling stations are open.
( from seven in the morning; in the normal way; so; till ten at night; to give everybody the opportunity to vote )
(from James O’Driscoll, Britain , p. 101)
2. Andrew Nugée would pack an SLR film camera and about 30 rolls of film.
( not long ago; when he went on vacation )
He takes a digital camcorder.
( for capturing both moving and still images; now; simply )
Nugée is just one of many who have been bitten by the digitalimaging bug: “It’s changed my approach to photography. I take my camcorder,” he says.
( completely; everywhere )
(from Newsweek , 3 September 2001, p.16)
7.3. Time-when 1
Sections 151–155; 455–456
Time-when is often expressed by adverbials having end-position.
The commonest type of adverbial is the prepositional phrase, used especially to refer to points and periods of time:
• at 6.30 p.m.; at noon (= clock-time)
• on Sunday; (on ) the next day (= day periods)
• in / during the morning; in / during April (= shorter or longer than day periods)
• between 1990 and 2000 (= periods with clearly defined limits)
• by night; by day (= idioms).
Noun phrases and adverbs are used in adverbials such as:
• last Saturday; this year; yesterday; tomorrow.
Task one *
Add time-when adverbials to the sentences below, giving them end-position and using the most appropriate connecting preposition where necessary.
1. Western society changed profoundly. (the 1960s)
2. British-born actor Sir Alec Guinness died. (2000; 5 August)
3. Two people were killed in an accident on the nearby motorway. (last Friday)
4. A system of voluntary schools developed. (the 19th century)
5. Have you ever visited Paris? (night)
6. I heard the clock strike twelve. (midnight)
7. People tend to spend less money. (a recession)
8. We are leaving for the Seychelles. (next week)
9. The inter-city bound for Bristol was derailed. (10.54 a.m.)
10. Most schools are open again. (early autumn)
11. The operation is due to take place. (Tuesday morning)
12. World War One ended. (1918; 11 a.m.; 11 November)
Task two **
Complete the following sentences by adding time-when adverbials at the end. Use a variety of adverbials.
1. I was born ……….
2. I went to school for the first time ……….
3. The last time I was abroad was ……….
4. The happiest time in my life was ……….
5. I usually get up ………. and go to bed ……….
6. I’m in the right mood for working ……….
7. I often feel frightened ……….
8. I can relax best ……….
9. I intend to visit my dentist ……….
10. I would like to go on holiday
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