174 – 75 .
Quotations in this and the following two paragraphs are from Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 276 , 283 – 290 .
This organization, the Association of Muslim Youth (Jam‘iyyat Shubban al- Muslimin), commonly called the YMMA, was founded in 1927 . Thought of as the “Mus- lim answer to the YMCA,” it was “more militant in its orientation than its constitution professed.” Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 289 n 14 .
Material in this and the following three paragraphs is from Euben and Zaman,
Princeton Readings, 289 – 92 .
Talhami, Mobilization, 51 ; Zainab al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh: Memoir in Nasir’s Prison, trans. Mokrane Guezzou Leicester, Islamic Foundation, 1994 / 1415 AH), 39 – 40 ; Zainab al-Ghazali, Ayam min Hayati, 10 th ed. (Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1988 ), 39 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 297 .
Valerie J. Hoffman-Ladd, “Ghazali, Zaynab al-,” The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
/article/opr/t 236 /e 273 . Accessed July 3 , 2010 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 277 . The material cited in the follow- ing paragraph also is from this book ( 280 – 81 ).
Quotations in this and the following two paragraphs are from Kristin Hel- more, “Islam and Women: An Egyptian Speaks Out,” Christian Science Monitor, No- vember 26 , 1985 .
Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992 ), 200 ; Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 280 .
Al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 38 ; Ayam, 35 .
Al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 134 ; Ayam, 144 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 280 .
As Talhami noted, al-Ghazali refers to herself in her memoir as part of the van- guard. Talhami, Mobilization, 70 . See also al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 133 – 4 ; Ayam, 143 – 44 .
This and the quotation below are from Hoffman-Ladd, “Ghazali, Zaynab al-.”
See Janet Afary and Kevin B. Anderson, Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005 ).
Chapter 5 . The 1980 s
Ghada Hashem Talhami, The Mobilization of Muslim Women in Egypt (Gaines- ville: University Press of Florida, 1996 ), 61 .
See, for example, Nawal el-Saadawi, “An Unholy Alliance,” Al-Ahram Weekly Online, no. 674 , January 22 – 28 , 2004 .
Quotations and references in this and the following five paragraphs are from Ar- lene Elowe Macleod, Accommodating Protest: Working Women, the New Veiling, and Change in Cairo (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991 ), 40 , 109 – 13 , 119 – 21 .
Quotations and references in this and the following five paragraphs are to
Macleod, Accommodating Protest, 38 – 39 , 110 – 15 , 119 – 23 .
Quotations and references in this and the following seven paragraphs are from Macleod, Accommodating Protest, 40 – 41 , 108 – 9 , 113 – 15 , 121 , 154 – 55 .
Sherifa Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling: Islamic Gender Ideology in Contemporary Egypt (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992 ), 76 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 116 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 1 , 9 , 15 , 116 .
Quotations and references in this and the following paragraph are from Zuhur,
Revealing Reveiling, 71 , 77 , 104 , 117 – 120 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 12 , 20 , 73 , 116 .
Quotations in this and the following paragraph are from Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 74 , 120 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 5 , 8 .
Laura Deeb’s study of women of the Hezbollah during the 1990 s vividly docu- ments a similar process under way in Lebanon. An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Pub- lic Piety in Shi’i Lebanon ( Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press), 2006 .
Chapter 6 . Islamist Connections
Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh, trans. Jon Rothschild, With a New Preface for 2003 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003 ), 142 – 43 . See also Ghada Hashem Talhami, The
Quotations in this and the following two paragraphs are from Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 276 , 283 – 290 .
This organization, the Association of Muslim Youth (Jam‘iyyat Shubban al- Muslimin), commonly called the YMMA, was founded in 1927 . Thought of as the “Mus- lim answer to the YMCA,” it was “more militant in its orientation than its constitution professed.” Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 289 n 14 .
Material in this and the following three paragraphs is from Euben and Zaman,
Princeton Readings, 289 – 92 .
Talhami, Mobilization, 51 ; Zainab al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh: Memoir in Nasir’s Prison, trans. Mokrane Guezzou Leicester, Islamic Foundation, 1994 / 1415 AH), 39 – 40 ; Zainab al-Ghazali, Ayam min Hayati, 10 th ed. (Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1988 ), 39 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 297 .
Valerie J. Hoffman-Ladd, “Ghazali, Zaynab al-,” The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
/article/opr/t 236 /e 273 . Accessed July 3 , 2010 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 277 . The material cited in the follow- ing paragraph also is from this book ( 280 – 81 ).
Quotations in this and the following two paragraphs are from Kristin Hel- more, “Islam and Women: An Egyptian Speaks Out,” Christian Science Monitor, No- vember 26 , 1985 .
Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992 ), 200 ; Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 280 .
Al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 38 ; Ayam, 35 .
Al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 134 ; Ayam, 144 .
Euben and Zaman, Princeton Readings, 280 .
As Talhami noted, al-Ghazali refers to herself in her memoir as part of the van- guard. Talhami, Mobilization, 70 . See also al-Ghazali, Return of the Pharaoh, 133 – 4 ; Ayam, 143 – 44 .
This and the quotation below are from Hoffman-Ladd, “Ghazali, Zaynab al-.”
See Janet Afary and Kevin B. Anderson, Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005 ).
Chapter 5 . The 1980 s
Ghada Hashem Talhami, The Mobilization of Muslim Women in Egypt (Gaines- ville: University Press of Florida, 1996 ), 61 .
See, for example, Nawal el-Saadawi, “An Unholy Alliance,” Al-Ahram Weekly Online, no. 674 , January 22 – 28 , 2004 .
Quotations and references in this and the following five paragraphs are from Ar- lene Elowe Macleod, Accommodating Protest: Working Women, the New Veiling, and Change in Cairo (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991 ), 40 , 109 – 13 , 119 – 21 .
Quotations and references in this and the following five paragraphs are to
Macleod, Accommodating Protest, 38 – 39 , 110 – 15 , 119 – 23 .
Quotations and references in this and the following seven paragraphs are from Macleod, Accommodating Protest, 40 – 41 , 108 – 9 , 113 – 15 , 121 , 154 – 55 .
Sherifa Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling: Islamic Gender Ideology in Contemporary Egypt (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992 ), 76 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 116 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 1 , 9 , 15 , 116 .
Quotations and references in this and the following paragraph are from Zuhur,
Revealing Reveiling, 71 , 77 , 104 , 117 – 120 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 12 , 20 , 73 , 116 .
Quotations in this and the following paragraph are from Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 74 , 120 .
Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling, 5 , 8 .
Laura Deeb’s study of women of the Hezbollah during the 1990 s vividly docu- ments a similar process under way in Lebanon. An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Pub- lic Piety in Shi’i Lebanon ( Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press), 2006 .
Chapter 6 . Islamist Connections
Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh, trans. Jon Rothschild, With a New Preface for 2003 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003 ), 142 – 43 . See also Ghada Hashem Talhami, The
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