The Vengeful Djinn: Unveiling the Hidden Agenda of Genies by Philip J. Imbrogno, Rosemary Ellen Guiley

structure, the clan leader is held responsible for the actions of
its members. In most cases, male djinn are the troublemakers and
break the rules. Female djinn, known as djinniyeh, are responsible
for keeping the family structure intact and are quite serious about
this responsibility, and most are quite protective of their children and immediate family members. Most djinniyeh will not interact with the human race unless provoked, yet are believed to be responsible for most cases of possession in human beings. In Iran and Iraq, most people will avoid isolated caves because they are afraid they might encounter a djinniyeh with her child. The people of these countries believe a djinniyeh will make the first strike-even unprovoked against a person-to protect her child. It's clear that people are afraid of the djinn, and they seem to mistrust us as well, knowing our violent and unpredictable nature.

    Djinn Kingdoms
    Clans are thought to be ruled by djinn kings who are able to stay in power due to their abilities. In most cases, these djinn rulers are the oldest, wisest, and the most powerful of this ancient race. According to the holy man Phil met in Saudi Arabia, djinn kings can rule over thousands of other djinn.3 The djinn who serve a king must give him tribute once a century. What this tribute consists of is unclear, but according to some legends, it involves some type of energy, and in some Arabic stories, a human soul. This belief is also mirrored in Christianity where minions of the devil will collect human souls in exchange for favors, such as money, power, and sex. The lesser demon is allowed to keep a small portion of the collected soul for itself, but the majority must be given to the master. This similarity is interesting, as some Christian and Muslim beliefs share the same roots. The question is: if you've sold your soul, was it given to a fallen angel or a djinni?
    Djinn kings can only be removed from power through assassination, a reason Muslim mystics and holy men believe is evidence the kings rule with an iron fist. The highest king of all the djinn is said to be Al-Masjid al-Aswad, a member of the order of black djinn.4 In Persian mythology, the djinn color was considered the shade or color of its skin. However, since they lack a definite physical form, skin color is technically irrelevant when identifying a particular type of djinn. From what Phil discovered during his journey to the Middle East, the colors of a djinni's skin were ancient Persians' attempts to classify djinn power rather than describe a physical appearance. In Turkey, ancient drawings that are two thousand or more years old show djinn in half human-half reptilian forms with horns, scaly skin, lizard-like eyes, and claws for hands. This depiction is similar to the Christian description of devils and demons. It is also interesting to note that Islamic art dating from only eight hundred years ago shows the djinn as more human-like. It's not clear why the images have changed over the course of time, but perhaps early Islamic artists were trying to present the djinn in a form people felt was more immediately fear-inducing.

    Djinn Classes
    There are many names for the djinn classes describing their likes
and dislikes, or where they live. The Qur'an mentions only three
classes: djinn, ifrit, and marid. Other names include jann, ghoul,
shaitans, hinn, nasnas, shiqq, si'lat, and a host of others, depending on the local dialect. In western lore, the ghoul is known as
a cemetery-haunting, cannibalistic, blood-drinking creature. The
hinn are weak djinn, closely related to animals, and prefer to appear as dogs. The ifrit class is cited only once in the Qu'ran, in
reference to a djinni who fetched the Queen of Sheba's throne at
Solomon's command. As a result, scholars are uncertain if the term
"ifrit" definitely refers to a djinn class. The marid are unruly and rebellious. The nasnas are another weak form of djinn, hybrids of
human-like and