Lands (see the nearby sidebar `A
glimpse of 16th-centry Ireland').
Only the monasteries (which Henry had destroyed � see Chapter 6) in
the anglicised area had gone; the others were out of reach.
Henry's and St Leger's solution was to make the lordship into the kingdom of Ireland. Its status would improve and the Irish chieftains were to hand over their lands to the king, who'd then rent the lands back to them under what was left of the feudal system. This would mean that the chieftains would become lords under Henry's direct control and they could pass their lands on to their children rather than having them owned by the tribe, which was the current system.
Nobody was much fooled by Henry's olive branch and fighting broke out against those who accepted his offer. King of Ireland Henry may have been, but his new kingdom was as much trouble as ever.
Scotland Hostility between the English and the Scots had endured for centuries, and the way James IV welcomed Perkin Warbeck was proof the bad relations were ongoing. James had the sense, however, to drop Warbeck and instead he and Henry signed the Peace of Ayton in September of 1497. This arranged a marriage deal between James and Henry's 12-year-old daughter Margaret, which was to have huge consequences later (see Figure 2-4 and Chapter 16) because it led to the Stuarts becoming kings of England. It was the first full treaty between the two countries since 1328 and was proof was Henry's skil- ful diplomacy. The accord was renewed in 1499.
France Relations with France were fine at first (see the earlier section `Hanging out in France), but the French king Charles VIII had plans to move in on Brittany and that put something of a spanner in the works. Charles said that Brittany belonged to France; the duke of Brittany, Francis, said it didn't. Yes it did; no it didn't � you get the picture. 46 Part I: Encountering the Early Tudors
Henry VII (died 1509)
Henry VIII Margaret Mary
(died 1547)
marr.
marr. marr. marr. marr.
(1) Catherine of Aragon
James IV of Scotland Archibald, Earl of Angus (1) Louis XII of France (2) Charles Brandon,
Duke of Suffolk
Mary marr. Philip of Spain
(died 1558)
James V Margaret Lennox
(2) Anne Boleyn
Frances Eleanor
marr.
Elizabeth I (died 1603) Henry Grey,
Mary, Queen of Scots Henry Lord Darnley Duke of Suffolk
Figure 2-4: (3) Jane Seymour (died 1587) Margaret
Tudors, Edward VI (d. 1553)
marr. marr. Jane Katherine Mary
Stuarts and (4) Anne of Cleves (died 1554)
(1) Francis II of France (2) Henry, Lord Darnley
the Suffolk (died 1560) (died 1567) marr.
Guildford Dudley
Line Family (5) Catherine Howard
Tree. (6) Catherine Parr James VI of Scotland, I of England
(died 1625)
There was a punch-up at St Aubin in the summer of 1488 in which the French
thrashed the Bretons. Then Duke Francis died and his heir was a 12-year-old
girl, Anne. From then on, it could have got messy. In 1489 Henry signed the
Treaty of Redon with the Bretons, promising protection, and in December
1491 Charles called Henry's bluff when he claimed Anne as his ward and
married her. Henry duly took an army over to France in October 1492, but
the weather was awful, it wasn't the fighting season (which was May to
September) and peace was in the air. So Henry and Charles signed the Treaty
of Etaples, which was effectively Charles buying Henry off to the tune of
�250,000. Being paid not to fight was brilliant and characteristic of Henry's
clever diplomacy. Charles turned his attention to Italy, which resulted in over
50 years of on/off warfare.
Spain
Nobody realised it at the time, but Spain was on its way to becoming the
superpower of the 16th century. Henry was on the lookout for allies and `the
most Catholic of kings' Ferdinand of Aragon and his wife Isabella of Castile
had a 7-year-old daughter, Catherine, who would make a suitable wife for the
3-year-old prince Arthur.
All this suited
glimpse of 16th-centry Ireland').
Only the monasteries (which Henry had destroyed � see Chapter 6) in
the anglicised area had gone; the others were out of reach.
Henry's and St Leger's solution was to make the lordship into the kingdom of Ireland. Its status would improve and the Irish chieftains were to hand over their lands to the king, who'd then rent the lands back to them under what was left of the feudal system. This would mean that the chieftains would become lords under Henry's direct control and they could pass their lands on to their children rather than having them owned by the tribe, which was the current system.
Nobody was much fooled by Henry's olive branch and fighting broke out against those who accepted his offer. King of Ireland Henry may have been, but his new kingdom was as much trouble as ever.
Scotland Hostility between the English and the Scots had endured for centuries, and the way James IV welcomed Perkin Warbeck was proof the bad relations were ongoing. James had the sense, however, to drop Warbeck and instead he and Henry signed the Peace of Ayton in September of 1497. This arranged a marriage deal between James and Henry's 12-year-old daughter Margaret, which was to have huge consequences later (see Figure 2-4 and Chapter 16) because it led to the Stuarts becoming kings of England. It was the first full treaty between the two countries since 1328 and was proof was Henry's skil- ful diplomacy. The accord was renewed in 1499.
France Relations with France were fine at first (see the earlier section `Hanging out in France), but the French king Charles VIII had plans to move in on Brittany and that put something of a spanner in the works. Charles said that Brittany belonged to France; the duke of Brittany, Francis, said it didn't. Yes it did; no it didn't � you get the picture. 46 Part I: Encountering the Early Tudors
Henry VII (died 1509)
Henry VIII Margaret Mary
(died 1547)
marr.
marr. marr. marr. marr.
(1) Catherine of Aragon
James IV of Scotland Archibald, Earl of Angus (1) Louis XII of France (2) Charles Brandon,
Duke of Suffolk
Mary marr. Philip of Spain
(died 1558)
James V Margaret Lennox
(2) Anne Boleyn
Frances Eleanor
marr.
Elizabeth I (died 1603) Henry Grey,
Mary, Queen of Scots Henry Lord Darnley Duke of Suffolk
Figure 2-4: (3) Jane Seymour (died 1587) Margaret
Tudors, Edward VI (d. 1553)
marr. marr. Jane Katherine Mary
Stuarts and (4) Anne of Cleves (died 1554)
(1) Francis II of France (2) Henry, Lord Darnley
the Suffolk (died 1560) (died 1567) marr.
Guildford Dudley
Line Family (5) Catherine Howard
Tree. (6) Catherine Parr James VI of Scotland, I of England
(died 1625)
There was a punch-up at St Aubin in the summer of 1488 in which the French
thrashed the Bretons. Then Duke Francis died and his heir was a 12-year-old
girl, Anne. From then on, it could have got messy. In 1489 Henry signed the
Treaty of Redon with the Bretons, promising protection, and in December
1491 Charles called Henry's bluff when he claimed Anne as his ward and
married her. Henry duly took an army over to France in October 1492, but
the weather was awful, it wasn't the fighting season (which was May to
September) and peace was in the air. So Henry and Charles signed the Treaty
of Etaples, which was effectively Charles buying Henry off to the tune of
�250,000. Being paid not to fight was brilliant and characteristic of Henry's
clever diplomacy. Charles turned his attention to Italy, which resulted in over
50 years of on/off warfare.
Spain
Nobody realised it at the time, but Spain was on its way to becoming the
superpower of the 16th century. Henry was on the lookout for allies and `the
most Catholic of kings' Ferdinand of Aragon and his wife Isabella of Castile
had a 7-year-old daughter, Catherine, who would make a suitable wife for the
3-year-old prince Arthur.
All this suited
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