Acknowledgements
I am grateful to several persons who helped me through the various steps of writing up this book. I will list them in chronological order.
At a very proximal stage, my career in the tropics (and thus my interest and competence in writing this book) would not have been possible without the support and patience of the late Christian Fisch and Jean-Louis Lamboray. I am also indebted to my former mentors and colleagues at the Université de Sherbrooke (especially Raymond Duperval), the University of Manitoba, where I learned respectively to practise medicine and infectious diseases, the Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia, where I understood how to do research, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where I studied epidemiology. For more than fifteen years, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) sponsored public health interventions in Africa during which I discovered a lot about sex workers. CIDA had also funded the primary healthcare project in Zaire where I became fascinated by African trypanosomiasis and other tropical diseases.
Over the seven years that I ultimately spent collecting the historical documents listed in the references section, I was assisted in an ever friendly way by the librarians of the following institutions (also in chronological order): Widener Library of Harvard University; Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in Ottawa; British Library and School of Oriental and African Studies in London; Institute of Tropical Medicine in Lisboa (when I was mostly interested in HIV-2); Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées in Marseilles (where I discovered that what was true for HIV-2 also applied to HIV-1 and suddenly realised that there was enough material for a book, rather than a few standard 3,000-word scientific papers, which had been my initial goal); Archives Nationales d’Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence; Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Royal Library and Université Libre de Bruxelles, in Brussels; Louvain University and Université Catholique de Louvain; Institute of TropicalMedicine in Antwerp; United Nations Library and the World Health Organization in Geneva; Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris; University of Ottawa, Université Laval in Quebec City, Université de Montréal and Université du Québec à Montréal and my own institution, the Université de Sherbrooke.
During the lengthy process of writing up the manuscript, I became especially indebted to Bernadette Wilson, who expertly edited the many chapters that I had written in English, and translated a few more written in French, and to Christian Audet, who professionally designed the illustrations.
When I finally reached the stage of seeking a publisher, Michael Watson of Cambridge University Press was kind enough to look at my manuscript and to find it worthy of publication. He then guided me through the difficult but necessary process of further editing the work. Like most academic authors, I initially saw this last step as a multi-organ amputation, but it turned out to be just a long-overdue haircut. Chloe Howell assisted with the finishing touches.
This having been said, the most important person who helped me through this whole adventure will be acknowledged in the Introduction.
Abbreviations
AEF
Afrique Équatoriale Française
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFA
Colonies Françaises d’Afrique/Communauté Financère Africaine
CFCO
Chemin de Fer Congo–Océan
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CRF
circulating recombinant forms
DNA
desoxyribonucleic acid
DRC
Democratic Republic of the Congo
EIC
État Indépendant du Congo (Congo Free State)
GPA
Global Programme on AIDS
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HCV
hepatitis C virus
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HTLV
human T-cell lymphotropic virus
ID
intradermal(ly)
IDU
injection drug user or intravenous drug
I am grateful to several persons who helped me through the various steps of writing up this book. I will list them in chronological order.
At a very proximal stage, my career in the tropics (and thus my interest and competence in writing this book) would not have been possible without the support and patience of the late Christian Fisch and Jean-Louis Lamboray. I am also indebted to my former mentors and colleagues at the Université de Sherbrooke (especially Raymond Duperval), the University of Manitoba, where I learned respectively to practise medicine and infectious diseases, the Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia, where I understood how to do research, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where I studied epidemiology. For more than fifteen years, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) sponsored public health interventions in Africa during which I discovered a lot about sex workers. CIDA had also funded the primary healthcare project in Zaire where I became fascinated by African trypanosomiasis and other tropical diseases.
Over the seven years that I ultimately spent collecting the historical documents listed in the references section, I was assisted in an ever friendly way by the librarians of the following institutions (also in chronological order): Widener Library of Harvard University; Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in Ottawa; British Library and School of Oriental and African Studies in London; Institute of Tropical Medicine in Lisboa (when I was mostly interested in HIV-2); Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées in Marseilles (where I discovered that what was true for HIV-2 also applied to HIV-1 and suddenly realised that there was enough material for a book, rather than a few standard 3,000-word scientific papers, which had been my initial goal); Archives Nationales d’Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence; Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Royal Library and Université Libre de Bruxelles, in Brussels; Louvain University and Université Catholique de Louvain; Institute of TropicalMedicine in Antwerp; United Nations Library and the World Health Organization in Geneva; Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris; University of Ottawa, Université Laval in Quebec City, Université de Montréal and Université du Québec à Montréal and my own institution, the Université de Sherbrooke.
During the lengthy process of writing up the manuscript, I became especially indebted to Bernadette Wilson, who expertly edited the many chapters that I had written in English, and translated a few more written in French, and to Christian Audet, who professionally designed the illustrations.
When I finally reached the stage of seeking a publisher, Michael Watson of Cambridge University Press was kind enough to look at my manuscript and to find it worthy of publication. He then guided me through the difficult but necessary process of further editing the work. Like most academic authors, I initially saw this last step as a multi-organ amputation, but it turned out to be just a long-overdue haircut. Chloe Howell assisted with the finishing touches.
This having been said, the most important person who helped me through this whole adventure will be acknowledged in the Introduction.
Abbreviations
AEF
Afrique Équatoriale Française
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFA
Colonies Françaises d’Afrique/Communauté Financère Africaine
CFCO
Chemin de Fer Congo–Océan
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CRF
circulating recombinant forms
DNA
desoxyribonucleic acid
DRC
Democratic Republic of the Congo
EIC
État Indépendant du Congo (Congo Free State)
GPA
Global Programme on AIDS
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HCV
hepatitis C virus
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HTLV
human T-cell lymphotropic virus
ID
intradermal(ly)
IDU
injection drug user or intravenous drug
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