Pain by Keith Wailoo

Ethics
31 (2003): 21–40; Pain and Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, “Achieving Balance in Federal and State Pain Policy: A Guide to Evaluation,” July 2000, www.medsch.wisc.edu/painpolicy/eguide2003/index/eguide2003.pdf . See also Barry Meier, “The Delicate Balance of Pain and Addiction,”
NewYork Times
, November 25, 2003, F1. In New York State, for example, the moderate Republican governor George Pataki signed new legislation in August 1998 changing the legal definition of “addict” and “habitual user” to exclude cancer patients and others who used controlled substance for legitimate medical use. Previously, practitioners who “prescribed controlled substances for long-term medical need, such as cancer pain, were required to report their patients to the Department [of Health] as ‘addicts’ or ‘habitual users.’” New York State Controlled Substances Law, 1998.
Chapter Five: OxyContin Unleashed
    1 .
The Rush Limbaugh Show
, Premiere Radio Networks. October 5, 1995. Quoted in Lynne R. Webster and Beth Dove,
Avoiding Opioid Abuse While Managing Pain
(North Branch, MN: Sunrise River Press, 1007), 7. See also Clarence Page, “Call for Treatment Instead of Jail,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 19, 2003, 29.
    2 . “Internet Pharmacies: Hydrocodone, an Addictive Narcotic Pain Medication Is Available without a Prescription through the Internet,”
Testimony before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
(Statement of Robert J. Cramer, managing director, Office of Special Investigations, United States General Accounting Office), June 17, 2004. Amy Cadwell, “In the War on Prescription Drug Abuse, E-Pharmacies are Making Doctor Shopping Irrelevant,”
Houston Journal of Health Law and Policy
(2007): 85–126.
    3 . Robert Brenner,
The Boom and the Bubble: The U.S. in the World Economy
(New York: Verso, 2002).
    4 . G. Cohen, “The ‘Poor Man’s Heroin’: An Ohio Surgeon Helps Feed a Growing Addiction to OxyContin,”
U.S. News and World Report
130 (2001): 27.
    5 . For discussion of drug regulation, see Daniel Carpenter,
Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010); for “the 1962 reforms …,” see Allan Parachini, “The Medical Community Ponders ‘a Touchy Subject,’”
Los Angeles Times
, July 9, 1981, G1. As the author noted, “However, aids have tried to distance themselves from that statement—which Reagan made during the transition after the 1980 presidential election.”
    6 . For “we stand on the threshold …,” see Reagan, State of the Union address, 1985,
Public Papers of the Presidents: Ronald Reagan
(Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1985), 131; for deregulation and bringing drugs to market, see Stan Chock and Albert R. Karr, “Reagan Starts Moving on Deregulation,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 19, 1981, 56; for Schweiker’sactions, see Cristine Russell, “Loss of FDA’s Independence Feared as Schweiker Tightens Reins,”
Washington Post
, September 1, 1982, A8.
    7 . Feder Barnaby, “The Boom in Arthritis Drugs,”
New York Times
, April 23, 1982, D1.
    8 . For sedentary lifestyle, see Philip M. Boffey, “Pain Victims’ Care Faulted by Panel,”
New York Times
, May 22, 1986, B14; for “headaches are a malady …,” see Jon Van, “Pain Research Gives Bad Ratings to TV,”
Chicago Tribune
, October 22, 1985, 5.
    9 . For Lilly’s Oraflex, see Feder, “Boom in Arthritis Drugs”; for “some wild rides …,” see Stan Kulp, “Stiff Competition: Number of Antiarthritic Drugs Grows Rapidly,”
Barron’s National Business and Financial Weekly
, June 18, 1982, 26; for Oraflex