Joseph J. Ellis by Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Page A

Jefferson, 20 June 1790, Boyd, vol. 16, 539.
    36. Rutland, vol. 12, 369–370, 396, 416–417, for Madison’s speeches in the House.
    37. Bowling,
The Creation of Washington, 1
90–191. Though it appeared too late to shape my interpretation, I much admire C. M. Harris’s “Washington’s Gamble, L’Enfant’s Dream: Politics, Design, and the Founding of the National Capital,”
WMQ
56 (July 1999): 527–564.
    38. Ibid., 106–126, 164–166.
    39. Madison to Pendleton, 20 June 1790, Rutland, vol. 13, 252–253.
    40. Risjord, “The Compromise of 1790,” 309; Bowling,
The Creation of Washington, 1
79–185; editorial note in Rutland, vol. 13, 243–246.
    41. Cooke, “The Compromise of 1790,” 523–545, emphasizes the absence of a direct link between the two issues—assumption and residence. His interpretation attributes the bargain to multiple meetings conducted prior to the dinner at Jefferson’s. My view is that the latter session sealed the deal by completing the negotiations on Virginia’s debt. Without linkage with the residency issue, however, neither Jefferson nor Madison would have concurred.
    42. Jefferson to George Gilmer, 27 June, 25 July 1790, Boyd, vol. 16, 269, 575. The standard account of the state and federal debt question is E. James Ferguson,
The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance
(Chapel Hill, 1961). For a few relatively minor revisions, see William G. Anderson,
Price of Liberty: The Public Debt of the American Revolution
(Charlottesville, 1983).
    43. Quotations from the
Daily Advertiser
reproduced in Boyd, vol. 17, 452, 460. See also Bowling,
The Creation of Washington
, 201.
    44. “Jefferson’s Report to Washington on Meeting Held at Georgetown,” 14 September 1790, Boyd, vol. 17, 461–462.
    45. Thomas Lee Shippen to William Shippen, 15 September 1790, ibid., 464–465, for the Jefferson-Madison tour of the region in September; Jefferson to Washington, 17 September 1790, ibid., 466–467, for the conversation at Mount Vernon. “Memorandum on the Residence Act,” 29 August 1790, Rutland, vol. 13, 294–296, for Madison’s concurrence on the executive strategy as the preferred solution. Bowling,
The Creation of Washington
, 212–213, for Washington’s land holdings within the designated site.
    46. Jefferson to Washington, 27 October 1790, Boyd, vol. 17, 643–644; Madison’s speech in the House is reprinted in Rutland, vol. 12, 264–266.
    47. John Harvie, Jr., to Jefferson, 3 August 1790, Boyd, vol. 17, 296; Carrington to Madison, 24 December 1790, Rutland, vol. 13, 331–332, which includes the language of the Virginia resolution quoted here.
    48.
Federal Gazette
, 20 November 1790, quoted in Boyd, vol. 17, 459.
    49. “Conjectures About the New Constitution,” 17–30 September 1787, Syrett, vol. 6, 59; Hamilton to John Jay, 13 November 1790, Syrett, vol. 7, 149–150.
    50. Three scholarly books touch upon these themes in different ways: Richard Buel, Jr.,
Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1/89–1815
(Ithaca, N.Y., 1972); Roger Sharp,
American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis
(New Haven, 1993), which is especially good on the contingent character of the constitutional settlement; and Elkins and McKitrick,
The Age of Federalism
, which includes the problematic theme within its panoramic scope.
    51. Adams to Francis Vanderkemp, 24 November 1818,
Adams
, reel 122.
    52. On the construction of Washington, D.C., in the 1790s, see Bob Arnebeck,
Through a Fiery Trial: Building Washington, 1/90–1800
(Lanham, Md., 1991). The seminal study on the distinctive physical conditions the new capital imposed on political life is James Sterling Young,
The Washington Community, 1800–1828
(New York, 1966).
    53. Elkins and McKitrick,
The Age of Federalism
, 163–193, for an extended reflection on the national and cultural implications of making the new capital a pastoral place.
CHAPTER THREE: THE SILENCE
      1. Linda Grant De Pauw