afterward.
Maps
China 1937 on the eve of war
The Japanese assault, 1937–41
Ichigô
Burma
Areas of Communist control in Northern China, August 1945
I
THE PATH TO WAR
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
PART II
DISASTER
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Refugees stream across the Garden Bridge, Shanghai, August 18, 1937. Just six weeks previously, war had broken out suddenly in North China.
Chiang Kai-shek, thrust into the role of war leader, broadcasting in 1937.
Refugees on Shanghai’s Bund, 1937. Even neutral zones in the city were flooded with Chinese desperate to escape the Japanese invasion.
Retreating Chinese troops set fires in Nanjing, December 1937. The Chinese capital would soon be the scene of a horrific massacre
General Matsui Iwane at his headquarters, Shanghai, 1938. Just a few months earlier, Matsui had allowed his troops to kill and rape at will in occupied Nanjing.
Dai Li, the Nationalist security chief, working with special police forces. Dai Li intended his agency to be Chiang Kai-shek’s “eyes and ears.”
Kang Sheng, security chief and mastermind of terror in Mao’s Communist base area in northwest China.
Zhou Fohai. The senior Nationalist minister was intimately involved with Wang Jingwei’s defection and collaboration with the Japanese in 1938.
Li Shiqun, Wang Jingwei’s vicious security chief, whose reign of terror operated from Shanghai’s “Badlands.”
The Battle of Taierzhuang, April 1938. This rare Chinese victory boosted spirits in the face of the Japanese assault.
Japanese troops using a boat during the Yellow River floods, July 1938. Chiang’s decision to break the river dikes temporarily stopped the Japanese but took numerous lives.
Mao Zedong speaks at the Lu Xun Arts Institute in Yan’an, May 1938. During the early war years, the Communists sought to widen their sources of support.
Civilians in Guangzhou (Canton) take flight, June 1938. Air raids were a constant danger in Nationalist China in the early war years.
Chiang Kai-shek at a Supreme War Council meeting in Wuhan, July 1938. Chiang was faced with an immensely difficult decision on whether to abandon the city to the Japanese.
Wang Jingwei ( right ) with colleague Chu Minyi in Nanjing before Wang’s inauguration, 1940. Wang set up a rival Nationalist government in collaboration with the Japanese.
Homeless people in the aftermath of air raids, Chongqing, 1939. On May 3 and 4 the city suffered a wave of devastating attacks by Japanese bombers, highlighting its vulnerability.
A cartoon depicting Wang Jingwei on the date of his inauguration as president of the collaborationist government, March 30, 1940. Wang is portrayed as a giant radiating light to his grateful people at the moment when Chinese resistance seemed most futile.
PART III
RESISTING ALONE
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
PART IV
THE POISONED ALLIANCE
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
General Claire Lee Chennault. His “Flying Tigers” were an important morale-booster for Chinese Nationalist resistance to Japan.
General Joseph W. Stilwell (“Vinegar Joe”), Chiang’s chief of staff. The toxic relationship between the two would affect US–China relations for years to come.
Chiang Kai-shek and Mahatma Gandhi meet near Calcutta, 1942. This was the first occasion that a non-European national leader had visited a major Indian anti-imperialist figure.
Mao inspects Eighth Route Army troops stationed in Yan’an. Communist troops would carry out important guerrilla attacks throughout the war, though they engaged in few set-piece battles.
Wounded Chinese troops, Burma, 1942. The retreat from
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