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queries. Vice-President Khama also enabled me to speak to family relatives and friends in the UK, includingRuth’s cousin John Goode and his wife Esme, with whom I spent a delightful afternoon. Another wonderful contact and a new friend was Betty Thornton, Ruth’s friend at the start of her marriage.
    I am grateful to Tony Benn not only for his recollections of many years of friendship with Seretse and Ruth, but also for his kindness. For most of this book, the writingwent ahead smoothly. But I had one horrible block – when I was totally confused by the different strands of attitudes on the Left to British colonialism in the 1950s. I explained this to Tony Benn, who carefully and clearly unpicked it all for me until I understood.
    Clement Freud, another friend of the Khama family, was kind enough to share his memories of Seretse and Ruth in the 1950s. The Hon. Gerard Noel recalled his friendship with Seretse Khama in the late 1940s at the Inns of Court.
    Several members of the UK Botswana Society have shared their recollections. Alan and Juni Tilbury helped me to understand the difficulties faced by Botswana’s new government in 1966, which are analysed in
Botswana: The Road to Independence
(2000), by Peter Fawcus and Alan Tilbury. I am also grateful to George Winstanley for kindly sendingme
Under Two Flags in Africa. Recollections of a British Administrator in Bechuanaland and Botswana
(2000).
    For a study of this nature, I was dependent on archives and libraries. I am grateful to the government of Botswana for granting me a Research Permit and I should like to acknowledge the assistance of archive repositories in Botswana, South Africa, the UK, the USA, and Canada.
    In Botswana, I was given valuable assistance by the Botswana National Archives and Records Services in Gaborone and should like to thank the director, Kelebogile Kgabi, Rre Gilbert Mpolokeng, and Kebafentse Modise. I am grateful to Maria Tali at the SADC Secretariat Library in Gaborone, who went out of her way to help me with an important document.
    At the Khama III Memorial Museum in Serowe, I was given expertassistance with the archive collection by Scobie Lekhutile, the curator, and by Gase Kediseng and Kelly Golekwang. Scobie was kind enough to share with me his reflections on Botswana’s history and his memories of Nelson Mandela’s visit to Serowe in 1995. The Phuthadikobo Museum in Mochudi enriched my understandingof Botswana’s history. I am grateful to Sandy and Elinah Grant for taking me round the exhibitions and for helpingme with my research.
    The staff at the National Archives of South Africa in Pretoria were most helpful and I was able to benefit from the openingof many relevant files since the endingof apartheid in 1994. Where I was unable to complete my research in South Africa itself, Zabeth Botha followed up my inquiries with great efficiency. At the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, I am indebted to two archivists in particular: Michele Pickover at the William Cullen Library; and Marius Coetzee at the Central Records Office.
    I am deeply indebted to Verne Harris and Anthea Josias at the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Commemoration Project in Johannesburg. Verne and Anthea responded to my endless inquiries with a high level of expertise, as well as genuine interest. They helped me to find a number of key documents in different repositories in South Africa, includingone that had eluded me for two years. The Centre of Memory was launched in September 2004 to document Mandela’s life and promote his legacy. It seems to me to represent all that is best in an archive repository and its approach is wholly original. Because materials documenting Mr Mandela’s life and work are fragmentary and scattered, both geographically and institutionally, the Centre is pullingthem together in different ways to create a priceless resource for the world. It is also findingnew and excitingways to take the

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