8. AVOID DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CHARACTERS
9. DON'T GO INTO GREAT DETAIL DESCRIBING PLACES AND THINGS
10. TRY TO LEAVE OUT THE PART THAT READERS TEND TO SKIP
*
*
NEVER OPEN A BOOK WITH WEATHER
If it's only to create atmosphere, and not a character's reaction to the weather, you don't want to go on too long. The reader is apt to leaf ahead looking for people. There are exceptions. If you happen to be Barry Lopez, who has more ways than an Eskimo to describe ice and snow in his book Arctic Dreams, you can do all the weather reporting you want.
*
*
AVOID PROLOGUES
They can be annoying, especially a prologue following an introduction that comes after a foreword.
But these are ordinarily found in nonfiction. A prologue in a novel is backstory, and you can drop it in anywhere you want.
There is a prologue in John Steinbeck's Sweet Thursday, but it's okay because a character in the book makes the point of what my rules are all about. He says: I like a lot of talk in a book and I don't like to have nobody tell me what the guy that's talking looks like. I want to figure out what he looks like from the way he talks . . . figure out what the guy's thinking from what he says. I like some description but not too much of that.
The Steinbeck character goes on to say, Sometimes I want a book to break loose with a bunch of hooptedoodle. . . . Spin up some pretty words maybe or sing a little song with language. That's nice. But I wish it was set aside so I don't have to read it. I don't want hooptedoodle to get mixed up with the story.
*
*
NEVER USE A VERB OTHER THAN SAID TO CARRY DIALOGUE
The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with she asseverated, and had to stop reading and go to the dictionary.
*
*
NEVER USE AN ADVERB TO MODIFY THE VERB SAID . . .
. . . he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances full of rape and adverbs.
*
*
KEEP YOUR EXCLAMATION POINTS UNDER CONTROL
You are allowed no more than two or three per 100,000 words of prose. If you have the knack of playing with exclaimers the way Tom Wolfe does, you can throw them in by the handful.
*
*
NEVER USE THE WORDS SUDDENLY OR ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE
This rule doesn't require an explanation. I have noticed that writers who use suddenly tend to exercise less control in the application of exclamation points.
*
*
USE REGIONAL DIALECT, PATOIS, SPARINGLY
Once you start spelling words in dialogue phonetically and loading the page with apostrophes, you won't be able to stop. Notice the way Annie Proulx captures the flavor of Wyoming voices in her book of short stories Close Range.
*
*
AVOID DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CHARACTERS
Which Steinbeck covered. In Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants, what do the American and the girl with him look like? She had taken off her hat and put it on the table. That's the only reference to a physical description in the story, and yet we see the couple and know them by their tones of voice, with not one adverb in sight.
*
*
DO NOT GO INTO GREAT DETAIL DESCRIBING PLACES AND THINGS
Unless you're Margaret Atwood and can paint scenes with language or write landscapes in the style of Jim Harrison. But even if you're good at it, you don't want descriptions that bring the action, the flow of the story, to a standstill.
And finally:
*
*
TRY TO LEAVE OUT THE PART THAT READERS TEND TO SKIP
A rule that came to mind in 1983, at lunch with Book-of-the-Month Club editors. Think of what you skip reading a novel: thick paragraphs of prose you can see have too many words in them.
What the writer is doing,
9. DON'T GO INTO GREAT DETAIL DESCRIBING PLACES AND THINGS
10. TRY TO LEAVE OUT THE PART THAT READERS TEND TO SKIP
*
*
NEVER OPEN A BOOK WITH WEATHER
If it's only to create atmosphere, and not a character's reaction to the weather, you don't want to go on too long. The reader is apt to leaf ahead looking for people. There are exceptions. If you happen to be Barry Lopez, who has more ways than an Eskimo to describe ice and snow in his book Arctic Dreams, you can do all the weather reporting you want.
*
*
AVOID PROLOGUES
They can be annoying, especially a prologue following an introduction that comes after a foreword.
But these are ordinarily found in nonfiction. A prologue in a novel is backstory, and you can drop it in anywhere you want.
There is a prologue in John Steinbeck's Sweet Thursday, but it's okay because a character in the book makes the point of what my rules are all about. He says: I like a lot of talk in a book and I don't like to have nobody tell me what the guy that's talking looks like. I want to figure out what he looks like from the way he talks . . . figure out what the guy's thinking from what he says. I like some description but not too much of that.
The Steinbeck character goes on to say, Sometimes I want a book to break loose with a bunch of hooptedoodle. . . . Spin up some pretty words maybe or sing a little song with language. That's nice. But I wish it was set aside so I don't have to read it. I don't want hooptedoodle to get mixed up with the story.
*
*
NEVER USE A VERB OTHER THAN SAID TO CARRY DIALOGUE
The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with she asseverated, and had to stop reading and go to the dictionary.
*
*
NEVER USE AN ADVERB TO MODIFY THE VERB SAID . . .
. . . he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances full of rape and adverbs.
*
*
KEEP YOUR EXCLAMATION POINTS UNDER CONTROL
You are allowed no more than two or three per 100,000 words of prose. If you have the knack of playing with exclaimers the way Tom Wolfe does, you can throw them in by the handful.
*
*
NEVER USE THE WORDS SUDDENLY OR ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE
This rule doesn't require an explanation. I have noticed that writers who use suddenly tend to exercise less control in the application of exclamation points.
*
*
USE REGIONAL DIALECT, PATOIS, SPARINGLY
Once you start spelling words in dialogue phonetically and loading the page with apostrophes, you won't be able to stop. Notice the way Annie Proulx captures the flavor of Wyoming voices in her book of short stories Close Range.
*
*
AVOID DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CHARACTERS
Which Steinbeck covered. In Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants, what do the American and the girl with him look like? She had taken off her hat and put it on the table. That's the only reference to a physical description in the story, and yet we see the couple and know them by their tones of voice, with not one adverb in sight.
*
*
DO NOT GO INTO GREAT DETAIL DESCRIBING PLACES AND THINGS
Unless you're Margaret Atwood and can paint scenes with language or write landscapes in the style of Jim Harrison. But even if you're good at it, you don't want descriptions that bring the action, the flow of the story, to a standstill.
And finally:
*
*
TRY TO LEAVE OUT THE PART THAT READERS TEND TO SKIP
A rule that came to mind in 1983, at lunch with Book-of-the-Month Club editors. Think of what you skip reading a novel: thick paragraphs of prose you can see have too many words in them.
What the writer is doing,
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