Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn Page B
Authors: Thomas Penn
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Elizabeth of York, Henry’s queen.
4. A laughing boy, thought to be Prince Henry aged about eight, by Guido Mazzoni,
c
. 1498.
5. Lady Margaret Beaufort, the pious and politicking mother of Henry VII, in characteristic dress and pose.
6. Portrait of Catherine of Aragon, aged about twenty, by Michael Sittow.
7. Richmond, ‘the beauteous exemplar of all proper lodgings’. Drawing by Antonis van Wyngaerde,
c
. 1562.
8. The ‘score cheque’ from the first day of the Westminster jousts of November 1501, celebrating the marriage of Prince Arthur to Catherine of Aragon. The columns represent the two teams. Each combatant’s score is indicated in the box next to his name: strokes indicate blows to the head or body and, bisecting the horizontal lines, lances broken. Heading the ‘challengers’ team (
left
) is the duke of Buckingham; the ‘answerers’ team (
right
) is led by (
top
) the marquis of Dorset and includes (
second
) the earl of Essex and (
third
) Lord William Courtenay, all of whom were suspected of conspiring with Suffolk. Fifth down is a youthful Charles Brandon.
9. A group of plate-armoured jousters arrives at a tournament. These are the ‘venants’, or ‘challengers’, who take up the challenge issued on the king’s behalf. On the left, ladies of court look on from the royal pavilion.
10. Informer’s report by John Flamank, detailing the secret conversation among Henry VII’s officials at Calais, September 1504. The officials describe the king as ‘a weak man and sickly, not likely to be no long-lived man’ (
line 6
) and discuss a debate among ‘great personages’ at court over possible heirs to the throne: ‘none of them spoke of my lord prince’ (
lines 12–13
).
11. ‘They think he is a fox – and such is his name.’ Richard Fox, Henry VII’s lord privy seal and diplomatic mastermind. Portrait by Hans Corvus.
12. The death of Henry VII, ‘secretly kept by the space of two days after’. Drawing by Garter king-of-arms Thomas Wriothesley.
13. From Thomas More’s coronation verses, on the rainstorm that disrupted Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon’s procession through London, 23 June 1509: ‘if one looks at the omen, it could not have been better. To our rulers, days of abundance are promised by Phoebus with his sunshine, and by Jove’s wife with her rains.’ Below, an intertwined red-and-white rose and pomegranate of Granada, flanked by a French fleur-de-lys and Beaufort portcullis, are surmounted by a crown imperial.
14. Henry VII’s accounts. This page, written in the king’s own hand, details monies that he himself has processed and delivered to his chamber treasurer John Heron. Items include the annual payment of Henry’s French pension in ‘plain crowns’ and ‘crowns of the soleil’ (
lines 6–8
), ‘diverse coins of gold’ from the Calais treasurer (
lines 13–15
) and £1,133 in ‘old weighty crowns’ (
lines 16–17
).
Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
Manuscript sources
British Library, London
Additional: 5465, 7099, 12060, 21404, 21480, 21481, 28623, 45131, 45133, 46455, 71009, 59899; Cottonian: Vespasian C XIV, Vitellius C XI, Titus A XIII; Harleian: 69, 78, 283; Lansdowne: 127; Royal: 12 B vi, 16 E xi, 16 E xiv, 18 D ii, 19 C viii; Sloane: 3479
St John’s College, Cambridge
C7
Cartularies and registers of college lands and goods
D91
Lady Margaret Beaufort’s treasurer: Accounts Various
D102
Lady Margaret Beaufort’s treasurer/chamberlain: Accounts Various
D105
Letters to John Fisher, Nicholas Metcalfe and others, 1509–26
The National Archives, Kew
C67
Chancery: Supplementary Patent Rolls
C82
Chancery: Warrants for the Great Seal, Series II
C255
Chancery Files, Tower and Rolls Chapel Series, Miscellaneous Files and Writs
DL 5
Duchy of Lancaster: Court of Duchy Chamber: Entry Books of Decrees and Orders
E101
King’s Remembrancer: Accounts Various
E114
Exchequer: King’s
4. A laughing boy, thought to be Prince Henry aged about eight, by Guido Mazzoni,
c
. 1498.
5. Lady Margaret Beaufort, the pious and politicking mother of Henry VII, in characteristic dress and pose.
6. Portrait of Catherine of Aragon, aged about twenty, by Michael Sittow.
7. Richmond, ‘the beauteous exemplar of all proper lodgings’. Drawing by Antonis van Wyngaerde,
c
. 1562.
8. The ‘score cheque’ from the first day of the Westminster jousts of November 1501, celebrating the marriage of Prince Arthur to Catherine of Aragon. The columns represent the two teams. Each combatant’s score is indicated in the box next to his name: strokes indicate blows to the head or body and, bisecting the horizontal lines, lances broken. Heading the ‘challengers’ team (
left
) is the duke of Buckingham; the ‘answerers’ team (
right
) is led by (
top
) the marquis of Dorset and includes (
second
) the earl of Essex and (
third
) Lord William Courtenay, all of whom were suspected of conspiring with Suffolk. Fifth down is a youthful Charles Brandon.
9. A group of plate-armoured jousters arrives at a tournament. These are the ‘venants’, or ‘challengers’, who take up the challenge issued on the king’s behalf. On the left, ladies of court look on from the royal pavilion.
10. Informer’s report by John Flamank, detailing the secret conversation among Henry VII’s officials at Calais, September 1504. The officials describe the king as ‘a weak man and sickly, not likely to be no long-lived man’ (
line 6
) and discuss a debate among ‘great personages’ at court over possible heirs to the throne: ‘none of them spoke of my lord prince’ (
lines 12–13
).
11. ‘They think he is a fox – and such is his name.’ Richard Fox, Henry VII’s lord privy seal and diplomatic mastermind. Portrait by Hans Corvus.
12. The death of Henry VII, ‘secretly kept by the space of two days after’. Drawing by Garter king-of-arms Thomas Wriothesley.
13. From Thomas More’s coronation verses, on the rainstorm that disrupted Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon’s procession through London, 23 June 1509: ‘if one looks at the omen, it could not have been better. To our rulers, days of abundance are promised by Phoebus with his sunshine, and by Jove’s wife with her rains.’ Below, an intertwined red-and-white rose and pomegranate of Granada, flanked by a French fleur-de-lys and Beaufort portcullis, are surmounted by a crown imperial.
14. Henry VII’s accounts. This page, written in the king’s own hand, details monies that he himself has processed and delivered to his chamber treasurer John Heron. Items include the annual payment of Henry’s French pension in ‘plain crowns’ and ‘crowns of the soleil’ (
lines 6–8
), ‘diverse coins of gold’ from the Calais treasurer (
lines 13–15
) and £1,133 in ‘old weighty crowns’ (
lines 16–17
).
Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
Manuscript sources
British Library, London
Additional: 5465, 7099, 12060, 21404, 21480, 21481, 28623, 45131, 45133, 46455, 71009, 59899; Cottonian: Vespasian C XIV, Vitellius C XI, Titus A XIII; Harleian: 69, 78, 283; Lansdowne: 127; Royal: 12 B vi, 16 E xi, 16 E xiv, 18 D ii, 19 C viii; Sloane: 3479
St John’s College, Cambridge
C7
Cartularies and registers of college lands and goods
D91
Lady Margaret Beaufort’s treasurer: Accounts Various
D102
Lady Margaret Beaufort’s treasurer/chamberlain: Accounts Various
D105
Letters to John Fisher, Nicholas Metcalfe and others, 1509–26
The National Archives, Kew
C67
Chancery: Supplementary Patent Rolls
C82
Chancery: Warrants for the Great Seal, Series II
C255
Chancery Files, Tower and Rolls Chapel Series, Miscellaneous Files and Writs
DL 5
Duchy of Lancaster: Court of Duchy Chamber: Entry Books of Decrees and Orders
E101
King’s Remembrancer: Accounts Various
E114
Exchequer: King’s
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