who was influential in shaping church structure and rules.
Denning, Alfred “Tom” (1899–1999): British soldier, lawyer, judge, and mathematician. He became King’s Counsel in 1938 and campaigned against the common-law principle of precedent.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–1882): American poet, lecturer, and transcendentalist who championed freedom and explored the spiritual relationship between man and the world.
Frankl, Viktor (1905–1997): Austrian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor who wrote the bestselling book Man’s Search for Meaning .
Fulbright, J. William (1905–1995): U.S. senator who represented Arkansas. As a Southern Democrat, he opposed the House Un-American Activities Committee and established an international exchange program that now bears his name.
Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948): “Father” of India, an honorific applied to him because he politically and ideologically led the movement for India’s independence from England. He advocated a particular method of civil disobedience known as satyagraha .
Garfield, James (1831–1881): Major general in the Civil War and the twentieth president of the United States. He accomplished very little during his 200 days in office, and he was assassinated on July 2, 1881.
Gladstone, William (1809–1898): British liberal statesman and scholar of Homer, known for his four terms as prime minister and his famous feud with Conservative leader Benjamin Disraeli.
Goebbels, Joseph (1897–1945): German politician and minister of propaganda in Nazi Germany. He was the architect of the Kristallnacht attack on German Jews that precipitated the genocide, and he was famous for his oratorical skills.
Gompers, Samuel (1850–1924): English-born leader of the American labor movement. He founded the American Federation of Labor and worked to raise wages for workers.
Gromyko, Andrey (1909–1989): Soviet statesman through the Cold War. He was responsible for much of Soviet foreign policy, including the arms limitations treaties.
Hamilton, Alexander (1755–1804): Founding father and economist. He wrote most of the Federalist Papers and was the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He died in a duel with Aaron Burr.
Hand, Billings Learned (1872–1961): United States judge and judicial philosopher who served on the District Court for the Southern District of New York and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He is often quoted for his elegant legal thought.
Hannah, John (1902–1991): President of Michigan State College (now Michigan State University) for twenty-eight years. He later became the head of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Harris, Sydney (1917–1986): American journalist for the Chicago Daily News and the Chicago Sun-Times . His column, “Strictly Personal,” was widely syndicated in North America.
Henning, Jack (1915–2009): Former U.S. ambassador and undersecretary of labor. He was a defender of the minimum wage and civil rights.
Henry, Patrick (1736–1799): Founding Father and leading anti-Federalist, he served as the first and sixth governor of Virginia. He is best remembered for the speech in which he said, “Give me liberty or give me death.”
Hill, Benjamin (1823–1882): U.S. representative and senator as well as Confederate senator for the state of Georgia during the Civil War. He was one of few prewar politicians to achieve postwar success.
Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945): Austrian-born German politician who was appointed chancellor of Germany and transformed it into a fascist state. He is responsible for the Holocaust and the outbreak of World War II.
Holland, Josiah Gilbert (1819–1881): American novelist and poet who wrote under the pseudonym “Timothy Titcomb.”
Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1841–1935): American jurist who served as associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932. He was known for being one of the most influential common-law judges, with efforts
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