Fersch T, Reinharr L, Wichter T, et al. Heart rate variability and electrical stability. Basic Res Cardiol 1 998;93:51 1 7-5124.
15. Kristal-Boneh E, Raifai M, Froom P, Ribak, j. Heart rate variability in
health and disease. 5cand J Work Environ Health 1995;2 1 :85-95.
16. Stein PK, Kleiger RE. Insights from the study of hearr rare variability.
Annu Rev Med 1 999;50:249-26 l .
17. Aigra A. Heart rate variability from 24-hour holter ecg and the 2 year
risk for sudden death. Circulation 1993;88: 1 80-1 85.
1 8. Dekker JM. Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic
recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle aged and elderly
men. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:899-908.
19. Tusji H, Larson MG. Impact of reduced HRV on risk for cardiac events.
The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1 996;94:2850-2855.
20. Singh JP, Larson MG, Tsuji H, Ct al. Reduced heart rate variability and
new onset hypertension. Hypertension 1998;32:293-297.
2 1 . Bigger JT, La Rovere RT, Marcus FI, et al. Baroreflex sensitivity and
heart rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after Ml.
Lancet 1 998;351 :478-484.
22. Bigger JT. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and
mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;85: 164-171.
23. Doulalas A, Flather MD, Pipilis A, Campbell S. Evolutionary pattern and prognostic importance of heart rate variability during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. lnt J Cardiol 2001 ;77:
1 69-179.
24. Van Boven AJ, Crijns H, Haaksma J, Zwinderman AH. Depressed heart
rate variability is associated with events in patients with stable coronary
artery disease and preserved left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J
1998;135:571-576.
25. Galinier M, Pathak A, FourcadeJ, et al. Depressed low frequency power
of heart rate variability as an independent predictor of sudden cardiac
death in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2000;21 :475-482.
26. Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger TJ, Moss A. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1 987;59:256-262.
27. Polich S, Faynor SM. Interpreting lab test values. PT Magazine 1996;3:1 10.
28. Suzuki T, Yamauchi K, Yamada Y. Blood coaguability and fibrinolytic
activity before and after physical training during the recovery phase of
acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 1 992;1 5:358-364.
29. Grundy SM, Pasternak R, Greenland P, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factOr assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart
Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circulation 1 999;
100: 1 4 8 1 - 1 492.
30. Christenson RH, Azzazy HME. Biochemical markers of the acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chern 1998; 44:1855-1864.
3 1 . Kratz AK, Leqand-Rowski KB. Normal reference laboratory values. N
Engl J Med 1998;339: 1063-1 072.
CARDIAC SYSTEM 71
32. Fisher EA, Stahl JA, Budd JH, Goldman ME. Transesophageal eohoeardiography: procedures and clinical application. J Am Coli Cardiol 1 99 1 ; 1 8: 1 333-1348.
33. Ellestad MH (cd). Stress Testing: Principles and Practice (4th ed). Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1 996.
34. Perez JE. Current role of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of
cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 1 997;20:13 1-138.
35. Bellardmelli R, Geordiou 0, Prucaro A. Low dose dobutamine echocardiography predicts improvement in functional capacity after exercise training in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: prognostic implications. J Am Coli Cardiol 1 998;31 (5): I 027- 1 034.
36. American Heart Association, Committee on Exercise. Exercise Testing
and Training of Apparently Healrhy Individuals: A Handbook for Physi
Cians. Dallas, 1 972.
37. Brooks GA, Fahey m, White TP (eds). Exercise Physiology: Human
Bioenergetics and Its Applications (2nd ed). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing, 1 996.
38. Noonan V, Dean E. Submaximal
15. Kristal-Boneh E, Raifai M, Froom P, Ribak, j. Heart rate variability in
health and disease. 5cand J Work Environ Health 1995;2 1 :85-95.
16. Stein PK, Kleiger RE. Insights from the study of hearr rare variability.
Annu Rev Med 1 999;50:249-26 l .
17. Aigra A. Heart rate variability from 24-hour holter ecg and the 2 year
risk for sudden death. Circulation 1993;88: 1 80-1 85.
1 8. Dekker JM. Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic
recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle aged and elderly
men. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:899-908.
19. Tusji H, Larson MG. Impact of reduced HRV on risk for cardiac events.
The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1 996;94:2850-2855.
20. Singh JP, Larson MG, Tsuji H, Ct al. Reduced heart rate variability and
new onset hypertension. Hypertension 1998;32:293-297.
2 1 . Bigger JT, La Rovere RT, Marcus FI, et al. Baroreflex sensitivity and
heart rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after Ml.
Lancet 1 998;351 :478-484.
22. Bigger JT. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and
mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;85: 164-171.
23. Doulalas A, Flather MD, Pipilis A, Campbell S. Evolutionary pattern and prognostic importance of heart rate variability during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. lnt J Cardiol 2001 ;77:
1 69-179.
24. Van Boven AJ, Crijns H, Haaksma J, Zwinderman AH. Depressed heart
rate variability is associated with events in patients with stable coronary
artery disease and preserved left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J
1998;135:571-576.
25. Galinier M, Pathak A, FourcadeJ, et al. Depressed low frequency power
of heart rate variability as an independent predictor of sudden cardiac
death in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2000;21 :475-482.
26. Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger TJ, Moss A. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1 987;59:256-262.
27. Polich S, Faynor SM. Interpreting lab test values. PT Magazine 1996;3:1 10.
28. Suzuki T, Yamauchi K, Yamada Y. Blood coaguability and fibrinolytic
activity before and after physical training during the recovery phase of
acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 1 992;1 5:358-364.
29. Grundy SM, Pasternak R, Greenland P, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factOr assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart
Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circulation 1 999;
100: 1 4 8 1 - 1 492.
30. Christenson RH, Azzazy HME. Biochemical markers of the acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chern 1998; 44:1855-1864.
3 1 . Kratz AK, Leqand-Rowski KB. Normal reference laboratory values. N
Engl J Med 1998;339: 1063-1 072.
CARDIAC SYSTEM 71
32. Fisher EA, Stahl JA, Budd JH, Goldman ME. Transesophageal eohoeardiography: procedures and clinical application. J Am Coli Cardiol 1 99 1 ; 1 8: 1 333-1348.
33. Ellestad MH (cd). Stress Testing: Principles and Practice (4th ed). Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1 996.
34. Perez JE. Current role of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of
cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 1 997;20:13 1-138.
35. Bellardmelli R, Geordiou 0, Prucaro A. Low dose dobutamine echocardiography predicts improvement in functional capacity after exercise training in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: prognostic implications. J Am Coli Cardiol 1 998;31 (5): I 027- 1 034.
36. American Heart Association, Committee on Exercise. Exercise Testing
and Training of Apparently Healrhy Individuals: A Handbook for Physi
Cians. Dallas, 1 972.
37. Brooks GA, Fahey m, White TP (eds). Exercise Physiology: Human
Bioenergetics and Its Applications (2nd ed). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing, 1 996.
38. Noonan V, Dean E. Submaximal
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