to make peace. He had already lost
two armies, and to raise a third was impossible. Moreover,
he was becoming alarmed about his sons, who had been now
more than three years in captivity, and whose health and
character, he feared, might be seriously affected if they were
not soon set at liberty.
Fortunately for France, the resources of the Emperor were
almost as exhausted as those of his rival; while the religious
dissensions in Germany, which were threatening to develop
into civil war, and the advance of the Turks made peace
an urgent necessity.
Louise of Savoy and Margaret of Austria were called upon
to arbitrate between the monarchs. The two princesses met
at Cambrai on July 7, 1529, and in less than a month drew up
a treaty, known as "
la Paix des Dames
," which was in the
main a recapitulation of the Madrid treaty, save that Burgundy
remained a French province 15 and that the young princes were
to be restored to their father on payment of the 2,000,000
crowns already offered. The Italian allies of France were
abandoned to their fate; indeed, François even engaged to
assist the Emperor to drive the Venetians from the Adriatic
ports which they had occupied.
Notes
(1) Brantôme was, of course,
not himself a contemporary, but he echoes the sentiments of
those who were.
(2) Cited by Mignet,
Rivalité de
François I
er
et de Charles-Quint
.
(3) Instructions of March 1526, in Sharon Turner.
(4) Tavannes,
Mémoires
.
(5) "This war," wrote
Clement's most trusted Minister, Giberto, "will decide the
deliverance of the eternal slaves of Italy. . . . Posterity
will envy us the times in which we live, and our share in so
great a felicity." — Ranke, "The Popes of Rome."
(6) According to Brantôme,
Bourbon gave up to the soldiers all his jewels, plate, and
furniture, as a proof of his good intentions; but the truth
is that they pillaged his quarters and also killed one of his
attendants.
(7) Letter of Feramosca to the
Emperor, April 5, 1527, in Mignet.
(8) Benvenuto Cellini, as is
well known, claimed the honour of having fired the fatal shot
[
Vita di Benvenuto Cellini, scritta di sua mano propria
); but the
writer's weakness for self-glorification is too evident for much
importance to be attached to such a statement.
(9) Guillaume Paradin,
Histoire de notre temps
.
(10) This was the third time
Mary had been betrothed; indeed, before she had left her cradle
she had become an important factor in her father's intrigues
with François I and Charles V. Immediately after the birth of
the Dauphin, a marriage had been arranged between them; and on
October 5, 1518 [
? printed 1618
], the bridal ceremony had been celebrated at
Greenwich, Bonnivet representing the infant prince. It was
arranged that the marriage ceremony was to be repeated when the
Dauphin attained the age of fourteen, and that Mary was to
receive a dowry of 330,000 crowns. However, before a year had
passed, England's foreign policy had changed, and in January
1522 a treaty was signed with Charles V, by which he engaged
to wed the English princess when she was twelve years old. At
first, there seemed every likelihood of the marriage taking
place, but, later, difficulties arose, and in September 1525
Henry VIII released the Emperor from his engagement, in return
for a pecuniary compensation. It is worthy of remark that the
French Ambassadors in 1527 seem to have been very favourably
impressed with Mary, and one of them, the Vicomte de Turenne, who
had the honour of dancing with the princess at Greenwich, wrote
that he considered her "very handsome, and admirable, by reason
of her great and uncommon mental endowments."
(11) "When this armye was
assembled, the cardinal [of York] delivered the Kyng of
Englande's money, that he had brought out of England in
barrels, with which money was this armye payed two moneths
before hand, and the remainder was delivered to sir Robert
Jarnyngham, wich was called treasorer of the warres."
two armies, and to raise a third was impossible. Moreover,
he was becoming alarmed about his sons, who had been now
more than three years in captivity, and whose health and
character, he feared, might be seriously affected if they were
not soon set at liberty.
Fortunately for France, the resources of the Emperor were
almost as exhausted as those of his rival; while the religious
dissensions in Germany, which were threatening to develop
into civil war, and the advance of the Turks made peace
an urgent necessity.
Louise of Savoy and Margaret of Austria were called upon
to arbitrate between the monarchs. The two princesses met
at Cambrai on July 7, 1529, and in less than a month drew up
a treaty, known as "
la Paix des Dames
," which was in the
main a recapitulation of the Madrid treaty, save that Burgundy
remained a French province 15 and that the young princes were
to be restored to their father on payment of the 2,000,000
crowns already offered. The Italian allies of France were
abandoned to their fate; indeed, François even engaged to
assist the Emperor to drive the Venetians from the Adriatic
ports which they had occupied.
Notes
(1) Brantôme was, of course,
not himself a contemporary, but he echoes the sentiments of
those who were.
(2) Cited by Mignet,
Rivalité de
François I
er
et de Charles-Quint
.
(3) Instructions of March 1526, in Sharon Turner.
(4) Tavannes,
Mémoires
.
(5) "This war," wrote
Clement's most trusted Minister, Giberto, "will decide the
deliverance of the eternal slaves of Italy. . . . Posterity
will envy us the times in which we live, and our share in so
great a felicity." — Ranke, "The Popes of Rome."
(6) According to Brantôme,
Bourbon gave up to the soldiers all his jewels, plate, and
furniture, as a proof of his good intentions; but the truth
is that they pillaged his quarters and also killed one of his
attendants.
(7) Letter of Feramosca to the
Emperor, April 5, 1527, in Mignet.
(8) Benvenuto Cellini, as is
well known, claimed the honour of having fired the fatal shot
[
Vita di Benvenuto Cellini, scritta di sua mano propria
); but the
writer's weakness for self-glorification is too evident for much
importance to be attached to such a statement.
(9) Guillaume Paradin,
Histoire de notre temps
.
(10) This was the third time
Mary had been betrothed; indeed, before she had left her cradle
she had become an important factor in her father's intrigues
with François I and Charles V. Immediately after the birth of
the Dauphin, a marriage had been arranged between them; and on
October 5, 1518 [
? printed 1618
], the bridal ceremony had been celebrated at
Greenwich, Bonnivet representing the infant prince. It was
arranged that the marriage ceremony was to be repeated when the
Dauphin attained the age of fourteen, and that Mary was to
receive a dowry of 330,000 crowns. However, before a year had
passed, England's foreign policy had changed, and in January
1522 a treaty was signed with Charles V, by which he engaged
to wed the English princess when she was twelve years old. At
first, there seemed every likelihood of the marriage taking
place, but, later, difficulties arose, and in September 1525
Henry VIII released the Emperor from his engagement, in return
for a pecuniary compensation. It is worthy of remark that the
French Ambassadors in 1527 seem to have been very favourably
impressed with Mary, and one of them, the Vicomte de Turenne, who
had the honour of dancing with the princess at Greenwich, wrote
that he considered her "very handsome, and admirable, by reason
of her great and uncommon mental endowments."
(11) "When this armye was
assembled, the cardinal [of York] delivered the Kyng of
Englande's money, that he had brought out of England in
barrels, with which money was this armye payed two moneths
before hand, and the remainder was delivered to sir Robert
Jarnyngham, wich was called treasorer of the warres."
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